提单持有人权利义务源泉研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 19:54

本文选题：提单持有人　切入点：海上货物运输合同　出处：《大连海事大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 《海商法》第七十八条只是规定了提单持有人与承运人之间的关系是“依据提单的规定确定”,却没有对“提单规定的权利义务”的来源做出明确解释,后果是在司法实践中对其性质产生了争议,曾在学界掀起了提单是否是物权凭证的大讨论,影响了司法审判的稳定性和连续性,破坏了承运人和提单持有人双方利益的平衡。因此,为保障提单信用机制,保护国际贸易的健康发展,有必要回归到民法理论层面,确定权利义务之来源,厘清来源才能厘清权利义务之性质。本文共分为五个部分。第一部分：提出问题与解决思路。提出提单持有人权利义务的源泉研究,应从合同法层面进行研究。第二部分：从提单的产生、发展及其在海上货物运输中的作用出发,得出提单持有人的交货请求权源于海上货物运输合同。然后对提单持有人权利义务来源的学说进行评述,发现各学说都不能完整说明提单持有人权利义务的来源。第三部分：从“合同部分转让说”角度考察提单持有人权利义务的来源。简要回顾合同转让制度的历史,结合《合同法》相关规定,并将合同转让与向第三人履行和为第三人利益的合同进行比较。在海上货物运输合同中,合同部分转让,债权人变为数人,托运人与提单持有人成为承运人的债权人,为提单持有人权利义务的来源在《合同法》层面上找到依据,建立一个完善的提单信用体系。另外提单还起到了通知债务人债权部分转让的作用,因而加强了凭单放货的原则。第四部分：从无单放货的司法解释出发,进一步论证提单持有人是合同部分转让的受让人的结论。第五部分：得出结论：1.提单是对于持有人来说是运输合同,持有提单就有交货请求权；2.当提单持有人持有提单,海上货运运输合同就发生了部分转让,托运人对在途货物有控制权,提单持有人凭提单有交货请求权；3.无单放货司法解释的内容实质上是将提单持有人视为合同一方的当事人；4.提单持有人的权利义务来源于海上货物运输合同的部分转让。
[Abstract]:Article 78th of the Maritime Code only stipulates that the relationship between the holder of the bill of lading and the carrier is "determined by the provisions of the bill of lading", but does not give a clear explanation of the source of "the rights and obligations under the bill of lading". The result is that the nature of the bill of lading is controversial in judicial practice, and the debate on whether the bill of lading is a document of rem has been raised in academic circles, which has affected the stability and continuity of the judicial trial. Therefore, in order to protect the credit mechanism of bill of lading and protect the healthy development of international trade, it is necessary to return to the theoretical level of civil law and determine the source of rights and obligations. Only by clarifying the source can the nature of rights and obligations be clarified. This paper is divided into five parts. In the first part, the author puts forward the research on the source of the rights and obligations of the holder of bill of lading, which should be studied from the level of contract law. The second part: starting from the generation, development and function of bill of lading in the carriage of goods by sea, the author concludes that the claim for delivery of bill of lading originates from the contract of carriage of goods by sea, and then comments on the theory of the source of rights and obligations of the holder of bill of lading. It is found that all theories do not fully explain the source of the rights and obligations of the holder of the bill of lading. The third part: from the perspective of "contract transfer theory" to investigate the rights and obligations of the holder of the bill of lading, briefly review the history of the contract transfer system, combined with the relevant provisions of the contract Law, In a contract for the carriage of goods by sea, the part of the contract is transferred, the creditor becomes several persons, the shipper and the holder of the bill of lading become the creditors of the carrier, A perfect credit system of bill of lading is established for the source of the rights and obligations of the holder of the bill of lading on the level of contract law. In addition, the bill of lading also acts as a notice to the debtor to transfer part of the creditor's rights, thus strengthening the principle of delivery of goods by voucher. Part 4th: the conclusion that the holder of the bill of lading is the transferee of the partial transfer of the contract is further demonstrated from the judicial interpretation of the delivery of goods without documents. Part 5th: draw a conclusion: 1. The bill of lading is a contract of carriage for the holder, holding a bill of lading has the right of claim for delivery 2.When the holder of the bill of lading holds the bill of lading, the contract of carriage by sea is partly transferred. The shipper has control over the goods in transit, The content of the judicial interpretation of the delivery of goods without bill of lading is, in essence, that the holder of the bill of lading is regarded as a party to the contract. The rights and obligations of the holder of the bill of lading originate from the partial transfer of the contract of carriage of goods by sea.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.294;D923.6

【引证文献】