海上保险中保证法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 08:30

本文选题：海上保险　切入点：保证　出处：《哈尔滨工程大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 海上保险保证制度是最大诚信原则的具体体现,是保险人借以控制承保风险的重要手段,英国《1906年海上保险法》首次把海上保险保证确立为一项法律制度。但那时传统的保证制度,以被保险人履行义务的严格性和违反保证义务后果的严厉性而著称。海上保险保证制度最初设立的本意是维护保险人的利益。然而,在传统海上保险保证制度下,保险人的利益是得到了充分的维护,但却严重损害了被保险人的正当合法利益。当前,很多学者认为保证似乎已渐渐演变成保险人用以逃避保险责任的工具了,甚至有人怀疑海上保险保证带来的负面效应似乎超过了该制度应有的积极作用。为此,世界范围内掀起了一股扬弃、修正海上保险保证制度的热潮。我国《海商法》第235条提及了保证。而仅有的一条法律规定不仅不够完备,有时还有失严谨。可以说,我国目前尚不存在完备的海上保险保证制度。但是,另一方面,无论是从司法解释有关海上保险保证条款的规定来看,还是就保证本身的价值来看,可以肯定的是,我国不仅在事实上已经承认了保证条款在实践中的应用,更有意在海上保险法领域全面引入这一制度。众所周知,各国在完善本国保证制度的过程中,各有不同。我国也同样面临着如何构建与完善海上保险保证制度这一棘手的问题。本文的主体部分将以一些大家比较关注的焦点问题为讨论对象：比如,保证如何识别；违反保证的判断标准是否应当引入因果关系理论；我国是否该引入默示保证等；同时,本文对大陆法系的风险变更制度和英美法系的保证制度提出了“趋同论”,希望我们借鉴的是他们共同存在的最优质的地方,且淡话并放弃纠葛两者的差异。通过对以上问题的研究,立足我国自身的法律环境,以期从中探索保证制度在我国的应然模式。
[Abstract]:The guarantee system of marine insurance is a concrete embodiment of the principle of maximum good faith and an important means for the insurer to control the risk of underwriting. The British Marine Insurance Act of 1906 established marine insurance warranty as a legal system for the first time. It is well known for the strictness of the insured's performance of the obligation and the severity of the consequences of breach of the guaranty obligation. The original intention of the marine insurance guarantee system was to safeguard the interests of the insurer. However, under the traditional marine insurance guarantee system, The interest of the insurer is fully protected, but it seriously damages the legitimate and legitimate interests of the insured. At present, many scholars think that the guarantee has gradually evolved into an instrument used by the insurer to evade its liability. Some people even doubt that the negative effect brought by the guarantee of marine insurance seems to exceed the positive effect of the system. Therefore, a wave of sublation and revision of the guarantee system of marine insurance has been launched all over the world. Article 235 of the Maritime Law of China refers to warranty. The only legal provision is not only incomplete, but also sometimes lax. It can be said that there is no complete marine insurance guarantee system in our country at present. However, on the other hand, Whether from the judicial interpretation of the provisions of the marine insurance warranty clause, or from the value of the warranty itself, we can be sure that not only has our country in fact recognized the application of the warranty clause in practice, More interested in the field of marine insurance law to fully introduce this system. As we all know, in the process of improving their national guarantee systems, China is also faced with the thorny problem of how to construct and perfect the marine insurance guarantee system. The main part of this paper will focus on some of the focus issues: for example, how to identify the guarantee; Whether the criterion of breach of warranty should introduce the theory of causality; whether our country should introduce implied warranty, etc.; at the same time, This paper puts forward the "convergence theory" to the risk change system of the continental law system and the guarantee system of the common law system, hoping that what we can learn from them is the best quality place that they exist together. Through the study of the above problems, based on our own legal environment, in order to explore the guarantee system in our country should be the mode.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.284;D922.294

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