海上强制责任保险第三人直接请求权研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 17:42

本文选题：海上保险　切入点：强制责任保险　出处：《辽宁大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着海运业的迅猛发展,国际社会日益关注海洋环境保护和受害第三人利益的保护,国际组织逐渐就设立海上强制责任保险第三人直接请求权达成一致共识,我国在从海运大国向海运强国迈进的过程中,理应顺应时代潮流及时更新现行法律制度,以我国的国情现实和未来发展趋势为导向,进行具有实用性与前瞻性的海上强制责任保险第三人直接请求权的立法研究。本文共分为四个部分:第一部分介绍了海上强制责任保险与第三人直接请求权的一般理论,在本文的论述中具有基础地位。第二部分阐述了国外立法和国际公约中的先进规定,为我国立法提供参考。第三部分着重探讨了海上强制责任保险第三人直接请求权的实践问题,得出以下结论:首先,由于在海上强制责任保险中第三人直接请求权属于法定权利,那么保赔保险合同中的先付条款不能对抗这一权利;其次,本文分析了保险人在面对第三人直接请求权时享有的抗辩理由,包括赔偿责任限制等;再次,通过对具体案例的分析,借鉴机动车强制保险中的追偿权,尝试建立海上强制责任保险中保险人对第三人赔偿后,在被保险人违反合同义务的情况下享有对被保险人的追偿权;最后,当受害第三人为多数时,明确了其保险金分配比例和程序,借鉴《票据法》中的公示催告制度,在法定期间内督促第三人申报权利,在公告期满后,保险人统一进行保险金分配,保障第三人利益的平等分配,有效避免保险人恶意分配保险金。第四部分总结我国的《保险法》、《海商法》、《海诉法》中关于第三人请求权的立法不足并提出改进意见。根据本文的分析,笔者提出以下具体制度设计:在《保险法》中加入责任保险第三人直接请求权的一般性规定;在《海商法》中加入海上强制责任保险的各项制度,包括油污损害赔偿、运输有毒有害物质损害赔偿、旅客人身损害赔偿等民事责任制度,并将第三人直接请求权、保险人的抗辩权、追偿权等具体条款嵌入其中,以弥补法律的空白;在《海诉法》中规定这些权利行使的程序性规定。在现行法律框架内修订实体法和程序法,逐步达到推进海上强制责任保险第三人直接请求权的立法目标。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of maritime transportation industry, the international community is paying more and more attention to the protection of the marine environment and the protection of the interests of the third party injured. International organizations have gradually reached a consensus on the establishment of the direct claim right of the third party for compulsory liability insurance at sea. In the process of moving from a maritime power to a strong maritime power, China should update its current legal system in a timely manner in keeping with the trend of the times, guided by the reality of China's national conditions and future development trends. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the general theory of marine compulsory liability insurance and the third party's direct claim. The second part expounds the advanced provisions of foreign legislation and international conventions. The third part mainly discusses the practical problems of the third party's direct claim in marine compulsory liability insurance, and draws the following conclusions: first, Since the right of direct claim by a third party in marine compulsory liability insurance is a legal right, the pre-payment clause in the insurance contract cannot counter this right; secondly, This paper analyzes the defense that the insurer enjoys in the face of the direct claim of the third party, including the limitation of liability. Thirdly, through the analysis of specific cases, the author draws lessons from the right of recourse in compulsory motor vehicle insurance. After attempting to establish the marine compulsory liability insurance, the insurer will enjoy the right of recourse against the insured in the case of breach of contractual obligations after the insurer pays compensation to the third party; finally, when the third party is the majority of the injured third party, This paper clarifies the proportion and procedure of the distribution of insurance funds, draws lessons from the system of public notice in the negotiable Instruments Law, urges the third party to declare their rights within the legal period, and after the expiration of the announcement, the insurer shall distribute the insurance gold uniformly. Safeguarding the equal distribution of the interests of third parties, Part 4th summarizes the lack of legislation on the third party's right of claim in China's Insurance Law, Maritime Law and Maritime procedure Law, and puts forward some suggestions for improvement. The author puts forward the following specific system design: to add the general provisions of the direct claim right of the third party in liability insurance in the Insurance Law, and to add various systems of compulsory liability insurance to the Maritime Law, including compensation for oil pollution damage, The system of civil liability such as damages for transportation of toxic and harmful substances, compensation for personal injury of passengers, and so on, which embed the right of direct claim of the third party, the right of defense of the insurer, the right of recourse and so on, to make up the gaps in the law; The procedural provisions for the exercise of these rights are stipulated in the Maritime suit Law. The substantive law and the procedural law are revised within the existing legal framework to gradually achieve the legislative goal of advancing the direct claim of the third party in marine compulsory liability insurance.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.294;D922.284

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