海上保险告知义务模式研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 06:13

本文选题：告知义务模式　切入点：海上保险　出处：《大连海事大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：告知义务是海上保险法中的重要内容之一。本文探讨的告知义务模式包含告知义务是否履行、履行方式以及履行程度等含义。从某种程度上讲,告知义务模式的选择直接决定了告知义务下告知的方式及告知内容的范围。因此,告知义务模式选择是告知义务的核心问题。在理论上,告知义务模式包括主动告知模式和询问告知模式。主动告知模式的内涵包括以下三个方面：第一,告知的范围和内容由被保险人选择决定；第二,如果保险人认为有缺漏或者不足的地方,保险人可以询问；第三,保险人询问与否或者询问的内容并不会免除或减少被保险人因违反告知义务而产生的责任。询问告知模式的内涵包括以下三个方面：第一,保险人的询问是被保险人履行告知义务的前提,保险人可以决定告知的范围和内容；第二,被保险人应当根据保险人的询问回答与告知有关的内容；第三,应当确定适当的告知的范围。我国《保险法》规定的被保险人如实告知义务采用的即为询问告知模式；而《海商法》规定的被保险人的告知义务采用的是主动告知模式。目前,我国海上保险司法实践在告知义务模式选择上出现较多问题；从国际范围看,英国、澳大利亚、美国、法国、德国和欧盟等国家和地区的最新立法及理论探讨也表明关于告知义务模式的选择存在着从主动转向询问的趋势。本文从探讨告知义务模式的价值选择入手,分析我国目前适用的主动告知模式与普通法天然的契合性及长期以来我国的司法实践中遇到的问题,探索完善我国海上保险告知义务模式的方式。本文除摘要与引言外共有四部分组成。第一章,“海上保险告知义务及其模式概述”。从告知义务与最大诚信原则关系入手,分析了告知义务在海上保险中产生的历史背景和发展轨迹。文章具体论述了海上保险中告知义务的内涵,区分了主动告知与询问告知两种不同的告知义务模式,从理论上分析了告知义务模式之于告知义务的重要意义。第二章,“海上保险告知义务模式的变革及其价值选择”。从海上保险法确立告知义务的价值的角度分析了海上保险告知义务模式在立法选择上的价值取向,明确告知义务模式选择的核心意义在于通过法律的规定平衡告知义务人与保险人之间的利益关系。第三章,“海上保险的告知义务模式”。本段主要总结分析了英国海上保险中主动告知义务模式的具体内涵,对普通法下“重要事实”的界定与具体判断规则,以及主动告知模式下告知范围的确定做了详细的论述。第四章,“我国海上保险法中告知义务模式的选择”。总结我国海上保险法律理论与实践中针对告知义务模式出现的不同观点与实践案例。并在分析我国现有立法的基础上,结合第三章对英国主动告知模式的分析,在结论部分对我国海上保险中告知义务模式的选择提出了合理化的建议,以适应我国现代海上保险发展的需求。
[Abstract]:This obligation is one of the important contents in marine insurance law. This article discusses the duty mode includes obligation is fulfilled, as well as the fulfillment of the meaning. To some extent, the obligation of informing mode selection directly determines the way to inform obligation and inform the content range. Therefore, the obligation of informing mode selection is the core problem of this obligation. In theory, the obligation of informing mode including inform mode and inquiry disclosure mode.
Take the initiative to inform the connotation of mode includes the following three aspects: first, the scope and content of informed choice decided by the insured; second, if the insurance people think that there is missing or insufficient, the insurer may ask the insurer; third, asked whether or not the content and asked to waive or reduce the insured due to violation of this obligation and the liability. Ask the content of the informed mode includes the following three aspects: first, the insurer is asking the insured premise to carry out the obligation to inform the insurer may decide to inform the scope and content; second, the insured shall according to the insurer and inform the relevant inquiry and answer content; third. Shall determine the appropriate notification scope.
Provisions of China Insurance Law > < insured by the duty of disclosure is the question this mode; and "maritime law > the provisions of the insured's duty of disclosure is used to take the initiative to inform the model. At present, the judicial practice of marine insurance in our country appeared many problems in the duty mode selection from the international scope; the United States, Britain, Australia, France, on the duty of disclosure, also shows that the choice of the mode of existence from the active steering asking the latest trends in legislation and the theory of Germany and the European Union and other countries and regions. This paper discusses the value choice of duty mode, analysis of China's current application of the initiative to inform mode and the common law of natural fit and problems encountered in the judicial practice of our country for a long time, explore and improve our marine insurance duty mode.
In this paper, there are four parts in addition to the summary and the introduction.
The first chapter, "the obligation of marine insurance and its mode overview". Starting from the relationship between informed obligation and the principle of utmost good faith, analyzes the historical background and development of the duty of disclosure in marine insurance. This article discusses the obligation to inform the connotation of marine insurance, the distinction between the active and informed the question this two different duty model, from the theoretical analysis of the obligation to inform the model significance to the duty of disclosure.
The second chapter, "choose" to change the obligation of marine insurance mode and its value from the marine insurance law established the obligation to inform the value of marine insurance obligation mode of value orientation in the legislation choice, the core meaning is clear duty mode selection in the provisions of the law of balance between the obligor and the insurer the relationship of interests.
The third chapter, the "duty" mode of marine insurance. The main section summarizes the analysis of the connotation of active duty mode in English marine insurance, and define the specific judgment rules of common law under the "fact", and take the initiative to inform the mode to inform the range of custom in detail.
The fourth chapter, the "duty mode in Chinese marine insurance law choice." summary of Chinese marine insurance legal theory and practice obligations for patterns in the different views and practices. Based on the analysis of China's current legislation on the analysis combined with the third chapter take the initiative to inform the model to the UK, in conclusion the paper puts forward reasonable suggestions on duty mode in China marine insurance options, in order to adapt to the development of modern marine insurance in our country.

【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.284;D922.294

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