论海运货损索赔中的认证规则

发布时间：2018-03-13 13:25

本文选题：认证规则　切入点：海运货损索赔　出处：《大连海事大学》2004年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海运货损索赔有着两大特点：一、海上货物运输有着很强的专业性和技术性，因而专家证言和鉴定结论在认定案件事实方面有着重要作用；二、承运人和索赔人在对案件事实的证明条件、证明能力往往是不平等的，承运人占有或接近大量的证据材料．其收集证据的的能力要远远大于索赔人。在这种情况下，如果按照民事诉讼法中的认证规则对证据及案件事实进行认定，将难以实现诉讼上的公正，建立一套海运货损索赔所独有的认证规则是很有必要的。本文的研究，，主要就以下内容展开了论述： 1．对认证规则进行概述，主要介绍了认证的目的及认证规则的作用。认证是一个对证据及案件事实的认识过程，而这个过程是审判的核心过程，它决定着最后的判决结果。 2．根据《海牙规则》、《海牙-维斯比规则》、《汉堡规则》及我国《海商法》、《民事诉讼法》中的相关规定，对海运货损索赔诉讼中当事人的举证责任分配进行归纳。确定举证责任是认证的基础，只有明确了双方当事人的举证责任，才能依据盖然性权衡规则对案件事实予以认定。 3．根据大量国内外判例，分析了海运货损索赔中的认证过程。指出了我国相关立法在海运货损索赔诉讼认证制度上的不足，及其对司法实践产生的不利影响。 4．总结了适合我国海运货损索赔的认证规则，例如应尽快建立完善的专家证人制度，以解决诉讼中众多的专业性问题；考虑到索赔人收集证据的实际困难，在认证标准上应根据具体情况向索赔人予以倾斜，对于某些在承运人责任期间所发生的案件事实，仅要求索赔人承担初步举证责任;考虑到承运人占有及更改证据的便利性，对于航海日志、船长的海事声明等船方自己制作的证据，应给予较低的证明力，不能单独作为定案依据等等。
[Abstract]:Maritime cargo damage claims have two major characteristics: first, the carriage of goods by sea is highly professional and technical, so expert testimony and expert conclusions play an important role in determining the facts of the case; second, The carrier and the claimant are often unequal in their ability to prove the facts of the case, with the carrier possessing or approaching a large amount of evidentiary material... its ability to collect evidence is much greater than that of the claimant... in this case, If the evidence and the facts of the case are determined according to the authentication rules in the Civil procedure Law, it will be difficult to realize the justice in the litigation. It is necessary to establish a set of authentication rules unique to the maritime cargo damage claim. It mainly discusses the following contents:. 1. The paper summarizes the authentication rules, mainly introduces the purpose of authentication and the role of authentication rules. Authentication is a process of understanding the evidence and the facts of the case, and this process is the core process of the trial, which determines the final judgment result. 2. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the Hague rules, the Hague-Visby rules, the Hamburg rules and China's Maritime Code, the Code of Civil procedure, This paper sums up the distribution of the burden of proof of the parties in the claim for maritime cargo damage, and determines that the burden of proof is the basis of authentication. Only by defining the burden of proof of both parties, can the facts of the case be determined according to the rules of contingency weighing. 3.According to a large number of domestic and foreign cases, this paper analyzes the authentication process of maritime cargo damage claims, and points out the deficiency of our country's relevant legislation in the certification system of maritime cargo damage claim litigation, and its adverse influence on judicial practice. 4. Having summarized the authentication rules appropriate to our maritime damage claims, such as the need to establish, as soon as possible, a sound system of expert witnesses to address the numerous professional issues in the proceedings, taking into account the practical difficulties faced by claimants in collecting evidence, In the case of certification criteria, preference should be given to the claimant on a case-by-case basis. The facts of certain cases that occurred during the period of the carrier's responsibility require only the claimant to bear the prima facie. The burden of proof; considering the convenience of the carrier in possession and alteration of evidence, for the log book, The ship's own evidence, such as the captain's maritime declaration, shall be given a lower evidentiary power and shall not be able to. Separate as the basis for the decision and so on.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D996.19;D915.2

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