FOB术语合同贸易与运输相关法律问题探究

发布时间：2018-04-26 02:36

本文选题：FOB术语 + 托运人　；参考：《上海海事大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：FOB术语是重要的国际贸易术语之一，本文主要讨论FOB术语合同中贸易与运输相关的法律问题。文章将涉及：FOB买卖合同与运输合同的衔接问题，买卖合同涉及运输时卖方与买方与承运人之间的法律关系问题，FOB术语买方安排运输时卖方面临的出口风险问题等。依据《Incoterms2000》的规定，FOB术语涉及运输时，由买方负责同承运人租船订舱，卖方在装货港将货物交付给承运人。但在实践中，FOB术语有多种变型，同承运人租船订舱的可以是卖方或买方。不同变型带来了当事人法律关系的复杂化。英国法下一般将FOB合同分为三种：严格类型、传统变型，以及卖方提供附加服务类型。英国学者和法官的观点认为：只有在严格类型下，卖方不是运输合同的托运人；而在传统变型中，卖方取得承运人签发的托运人记载为卖方、收货人凭卖方指示的提单的情况下，卖方具有托运人的法律地位；卖方提供附加服务类型中，卖方同承运人订舱，因此他也是运输合同的托运人。《汉堡规则》和我国《海商法》对托运人有明确的定义。根据我国《海商法》关于托运人的定义，FOB术语买方和卖方都具有运输合同的托运人法律地位。但对FOB术语合同卖方交货托运人的法律地位，卖方对承运人的诉权理论上和司法实践中存在多种观点和看法。反映到实践中，说明FOB术语条件下运输提单如何签发对当事人尤其是卖方有重要的影响。本文以FOB术语买卖合同涉及运输时，卖方、买方与承运人之间的法律关系问题为探讨主线。文章首先探讨了FOB术语贸易涉及运输时，买卖双方的权利义务，重点讨论FOB术语合同与运输合同的衔接问题。其次重点分析了卖方、买方与承运人的法律关系问题。最后一章就国内以FOB术语出口货物卖方的交易风险增大的状况，分析了FOB术语以严格类型方式交易时，卖方存在交易风险的原因及状况。文章还分析了买方安排无船承运人运输时，卖方面临的风险。这种情况大多涉及买方欺诈，本文对此问题也进行了详细的探讨。
[Abstract]:FOB term is one of the important international trade terms. This paper mainly discusses the legal issues related to trade and transport in FOB terminology contracts. This paper deals with the connection between the contract of sale and purchase and the contract of carriage, the legal relationship between the seller and the buyer and the carrier in the case of carriage, and the export risks faced by the seller when the buyer arranges the carriage. When the term "Incoterms2000" relates to carriage, the buyer is responsible for chartering space with the carrier, and the seller delivers the goods to the carrier at the port of loading. In practice, however, there are many variations in FOB terms, with the carrier chartering space with the seller or buyer. The different variants bring the complication of the legal relationship of the parties concerned. Under English law, FOB contracts are generally classified into three categories: strict type, traditional variant, and type of additional service provided by the seller. According to British scholars and judges, the seller is not the shipper of the contract of carriage only under strict types; in the traditional variant, the seller acquires the shipper issued by the carrier and records it as the seller, The consignee has the legal status of the shipper in the case of the bill of lading instructed by the seller; in the type of additional services provided by the seller, the seller is booked with the carrier, and therefore he is also the shipper of the contract of carriage. The Hamburg rules and China's Maritime Law have a clear definition of shippers. According to the definition of shipper in Maritime Law of China, both buyer and seller have the legal status of shipper in the contract of carriage. However, there are many viewpoints and opinions on the legal status of the seller's consignor in the FOB term contract, the seller's right of action against the carrier in theory and judicial practice. In practice, it is shown that how to issue a transport bill of lading under the FOB term has an important influence on the parties, especially the seller. This paper discusses the legal relationship between seller, buyer and carrier when the FOB term contract of sale involves transportation. This paper first discusses the rights and obligations of the buyer and seller when the FOB term trade involves transportation, and focuses on the connection between the FOB term contract and the transport contract. Secondly, it analyzes the legal relationship between seller, buyer and carrier. In the last chapter, the author analyzes the reason and condition of the seller's transaction risk when the FOB term is traded in a strict type on the condition that the seller's transaction risk increases in the domestic export of goods under the FOB term. The article also analyzes the risks faced by the seller when the buyer arranges the non-ship carrier transportation. This kind of situation mostly involves the buyer fraud, this article also carries on the detailed discussion to this question.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D996.19;D922.294

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