浅析海盗风险及其保险赔付

发布时间：2018-04-28 16:20

本文选题：海盗风险 + 赎金　；参考：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：海盗是一门古老的职业,其历史与人类的航海史一样悠久。古往今来,海盗在茫茫大海上对过往的船舶进行暴力劫掠,带给人们无尽的恐慌、灾难与损失。近年来全球范围内海盗袭击船；舶事件时有发生,以索要高额赎金而闻名的索马里海盗由于手握杀伤性武器,劫船屡屡得手更是气焰嚣张,防御海盗风险愈来愈成为海运界面临的一大难题。目前海商法学界对于海盗风险问题,尤其是海盗赎金风险及后继的保险赔付问题还很少有系统的研究,对于海盗赎金的性质及如何承保等问题仍存在较大争论,虽然许多国家的海上保险法均有对海盗风险进行承保的规定,但向海盗支付的赎金是否属于海盗风险的保险范围,以及各受益方应当如何分摊赎金,仍没有统一的标准和结论。本文试从海盗行为的定义入手,介绍海盗行为对航运界造成的损失类型,结合近几年来出现的海盗索要赎金的案例,分析海盗赎金是否属于现行海上保险法的承保范围,论证海盗赎金的属性,以现行的海盗保险条款为依托,重点研究如何通过共同海损和施救费用两大机制分摊海盗赎金风险,并对绑架赎金险可行性等问题提出自己的看法。本文分为引言、正文与结论三大部分。其中引言主要介绍了近两年发生的海盗劫船事件及航运界采取的应对措施与不足之处,提出利用保险分散风险的可行性。正文分为三部分。第一部分为海盗行为的概述。首先介绍国际公法领域内对海盗行为的定义,然后参照国外海上保险法律及相关案例,提出保险法领域内海盗行为构成要件及其与国际公法定义的不同,接下来介绍了海盗的行为方式,并提出索要赎金是海盗行为方式之一。第二部分针对索马里海盗索要赎金问题和目前学界对于海盗赎金性质的争论,论证海盗赎金具有共同海损、施救费用和船员遣返费用的多重属性。第三部分概述中英两国对于海盗风险的保险条款,结合英国等西方国家对于海盗赎金保险赔付的法律规定及判例,探讨海盗赎金的保险责任问题。对于如何通过共同海损和施救费用两大机制分摊赎金及绑架赎金险等问题提出了自己的看法。
[Abstract]:Piracy is an ancient profession with a history as long as human navigation. From time to time, pirates carried out violent looting of passing ships in the vast sea, bringing people endless panic, disaster and loss. In recent years, pirates have attacked ships around the world; ship incidents have occurred from time to time. Somali pirates, known for demanding high ransom, have been even more arrogant in robbing ships because they have lethal weapons in their hands. Defending against the risk of piracy is increasingly becoming a major problem facing the maritime industry. At present, there are few systematic studies on the piracy risk, especially the pirate ransom risk and the subsequent insurance payment in the maritime law circle, and there are still a lot of arguments about the nature of the pirate ransom and how to underwrite it. Although the maritime insurance laws of many countries provide for the coverage of piracy risk, there is still no uniform standard and conclusion as to whether the ransom paid to pirates falls within the scope of piracy risk insurance and how the beneficiaries should share the ransom. Starting with the definition of piracy, this paper introduces the types of losses caused by piracy to the shipping industry. Combining with the cases of pirates demanding ransom in recent years, this paper analyzes whether pirate ransoms are covered by the current maritime insurance law. On the basis of the existing pirate insurance clause, this paper focuses on how to share the risk of piracy ransom through the two mechanisms of general average and rescue cost, and puts forward its own views on the feasibility of kidnapping ransom insurance. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly introduces the pirate robbery in recent two years and the countermeasures and deficiencies taken by the shipping industry, and puts forward the feasibility of using insurance to disperse the risk. The text is divided into three parts. The first part is an overview of piracy. This paper first introduces the definition of piracy in the field of public international law, and then, referring to foreign marine insurance laws and related cases, puts forward the constitutive elements of piracy in the field of insurance law and its difference from the definition of public international law. Then it introduces the behavior of pirates, and points out that ransom is one of the ways of piracy. In the second part, aiming at the problem of Somali pirates demanding ransom and the current controversy about the nature of pirate ransom, the author argues that pirate ransom has multiple attributes of general average, rescue cost and crew repatriation cost. The third part gives an overview of the insurance clauses of China and Britain on piracy risk, and discusses the liability of pirate ransom insurance in combination with the legal provisions and precedents of the western countries such as the United Kingdom for the payment of ransom insurance for pirates. The author puts forward his own views on how to share ransom and kidnapping ransom insurance through two mechanisms of general average and rescue cost.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D996.19

【引证文献】