航运惯例研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 09:14

本文选题：国际航运惯例 + 海商法　；参考：《上海海运学院》2002年硕士论文

【摘要】： 众所周知，我国己于2001年正式加入了WTO，全国各行各业都在加快步伐调整自身，修改或制定新的行业法律法规，以求更快更好地与国际接轨，从而在世界经济中占据优势地位。我国的航运业也不例外，入世对于它们来说，既是一种机会，也是一种挑战，然而有一点是勿庸置疑的，那就是，只有了解并掌握好与航运相关的游戏规则，才能在航运实践及司法实践中立于不败之地。何为与航运相关的游戏规则呢?我们应该明确的是，这不但包括各国海商法、各国际海事公约，还包括了成文及不成文的国际航运惯例。海商海事法律领域是特殊的法律领域，作为海商法渊源之一的国际航运惯例在此领域的作用是不容忽视的。然而我国一直缺乏对国际航运惯例的系统研究，国内对某一航运惯例存在与否经常产生争议，对航运惯例的认识及运用也是相当不够的。本论文以国际航运惯例为研究对象，就是意欲对航运惯例做一次系统性的初步研究，从而对航运企业等相关行业起启发性的作用。本论文从大体结构上来说，可以认为分为三大部分。第一部分主要是从理论上来对国际航运惯例进行概念性的介绍，这一部分主要包括第一章、第二章以及第三章。既然要对国际航运惯例进行系统的研究，首先就应明确什么是国际航运惯例，本论文在第一章就着重解决了这一问题。此章对国际惯例、国际航运惯例的概念、范围等都进行了一番阐述，还着重介绍了各学者对“习惯”、“惯例”及“习惯法”的概念及其关系的不同见解，力图深层次地阐述国际航运惯例的概念性问题。第二章主要是介绍了一下航运惯例的发展历史，以图加深大家对航运惯例纵向上的认识。第三章主要从航运惯例的特点、表现形式、分类、功能、性质等方面对航运惯例进行了全面的理论介绍，这对有关方面确定航运惯例存在与否、如何运用航运惯例有着理论上的意义。掌握了国际航运惯例的理论知识仍是不够的，在航运实践及海事司法实践中，运用国际航运惯例时往往会出现很多问题，这并不是单从理论上对航运惯例的一些概念描述就能解决的问题，于是本论文的第二部分就把重点放在航运惯例在实践中的运用上，力图结合实际对航运惯例的运用提出实质性的见解。这一部分主要包括第四章和第五章，为文章的重点部分。在实践中，我们经常会面临着这样的疑问：国际海事公约、法律、合同条款与国际航运惯例有着什么样的关系呢?当它们与国际航运惯例相 — — 冲突时又应以谁为准呢？国际航运惯例又是如何对公约、法律、合同条款起解释和补充作用的呢？第四章就旨在解决这些问题。本章将公约、法律、合同条款与国际航运惯例分别进行比较研究，详尽地阐述了各自的区别及关系，并结合典型案例对各部分的相关问题进行论述，明确了国际航运惯例的补缺作用。本章还花了一定的笔墨讲述了国际航运惯例对法律的修正作用，这是笔者在一年的研究中颇为关注的问题，笔者认为这个问题值得进一步探讨。本章中笔者还结合当前国内的部分船公司“付款放单” 的做法，，讲述了国际航运惯例对合同条款的技术性专业解释的作用，这在航运实践中是具有一定现实意义的。运用国际航运惯例应当有相应的法律依据，也应遵循一定的原则，这些问题在第五章中都有详尽的论述，本章还就国际航运惯例的举证及查明问题进行了简单的介绍。国际航运惯例虽然在中国缺乏系统的研究，可是并不代表在中国航运界以及海事司法界没有得到运用，恰恰相反的是，我国一直在参照国际航运惯例指导航运实践和处理海事争议，只是因为不够重视航运惯例的研究而缺乏理论支持。本论文的第三部分，也就是第六章就对航运惯例在中国的运用情况进行了简介，并大力倡导做好与国际接轨的工作。目前，我国对航运惯例的研究及规定仅限于航运惯例的补缺作用，仍没有给予航运惯例足够的重视，对入世以后的当今中国来说，这是远远不够的，而且也不利于中国航运业及司法界与国际接轨。因此，国际航运惯例在我国的确是值得深入研究及探讨的问题。本论文仅是对航运惯例的相关问题进行了初步的研究，如何更广更深地研究和运用航运惯例，仍需进一步与航运实践和司法实践相结合，对航运惯例进行系统的研究，以便最大限度地发挥国际航运惯例的作用。
[Abstract]:It is well known that China has joined the WTO formally in 2001 , and all walks of life in the whole country adjust itself , modify or formulate new industry laws and regulations , so as to take advantage in shipping practice and judicial practice . However , there is no doubt that this includes not only national maritime law and international maritime conventions , but also the international shipping practice of unwritten and unwritten law .

The first part mainly introduces the concept and scope of international shipping convention . In chapter one , the paper mainly introduces the development history of international shipping convention , and tries to explain the concept and scope of international shipping convention .

It is not enough to grasp the theory knowledge of international shipping practice . In the practice of shipping and the practice of maritime administration , many problems often occur in the application of international shipping practice . This part mainly includes chapters IV and V , which are the key parts of the article . In practice , we often face the question of what kind of relationship between the international maritime convention , the law , the contract terms and the international shipping convention .

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Who shall prevail in the conflict ? International shipping practice is how to interpret and supplement the Convention , the law and the terms of the contract

What is the charge ? Chapter IV deals with these problems . This chapter deals with the Convention , the law , the terms of the contract and international shipping

In this paper , a comparative study is carried out , and their respective differences and relationships are explained in detail , and the typical cases are combined .

This chapter also discusses the deficiency of international shipping practice . It also takes a certain amount of writing and writing .

The amendment effect of international shipping practice on law is a matter of great concern in the research of one year .

It is worth further discussion on this question . In this chapter , the author also combines with the current domestic partial ship company " payment release sheet "

The practice of explaining the role of international shipping practice in the technical professional interpretation of the terms of the contract , which is in the practice of shipping

It is of practical significance to apply international shipping practice to have the corresponding legal basis , and should also follow certain

Principles , these issues are discussed in detail in Chapter V , and this chapter also provides evidence and identification of international shipping conventions

A brief introduction was made .

Although international shipping practice lacks a systematic study in China , it is not a representative in China ' s shipping industry and maritime affairs

The judiciary has not been applied , and on the contrary , my country has been guided by international shipping practice to guide shipping practice and

Dealing with maritime disputes is a lack of theoretical support because of inadequate attention to the study of shipping practice . Part III of this paper

In chapter 6 , the application of shipping practice in China is briefly introduced , and it is strongly advocated to do well with the country

The work of the inter - border rail .

At present , our country ' s research and regulations on shipping practice are limited to the supplement of shipping practice and still haven ' t been given navigation

It is not enough for China to attach importance to the practice of transportation , which is not conducive to China ' s entry into WTO .

As a result , international shipping practice is worthy of further research and exploration in China

This thesis is only a preliminary study on the related problems of shipping practice , how to research more and deeper .

It still needs to be further combined with the practice of shipping and judicial practice to carry on the system of shipping practice .

Research in order to maximize the role of international shipping practice .

【学位授予单位】：上海海运学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：D996.19

【引证文献】