论《产品质量法》的经济法属性

发布时间：2018-05-01 09:27

本文选题：产品质量法 + 立法宗旨　；参考：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：学界对产品质量法法律属性的争议从未停息,也从未有过定论。产品质量法是归属于民商法还是经济法的争议,更是引发了人们激烈的争论。尤其是近几年产品“质量门”事件层出不穷,让现实社会群众的眼球紧紧盯住了产品质量法的作用如何更好地发挥上面,更对如何完善和执行产品质量法产生了强烈的欲求。这种“市场失灵”而引发的市民社会对国家的欲求,使得产品质量法的经济法属性愈显突出。经济法理论的成熟,也使得产品质量法经济法属性的论证具有了现实的可能性。产品质量法的经济法属性论证开始于产生基础的论证。首先,产生基础是认识事物的逻辑起点,产生基础决定了事物的属性。产品质量法的产生基础决定了其自身的属性,其“市场失灵”的客观基础,社会经济迅猛发展的社会条件,传统民商法无法解决市场失灵所导致的问题等法律原因,都与经济法的产生基础不谋而合,而作为市场经济确认法的民法,在产生之初就缺少对于市场缺陷与市场障碍的关注,其产生基础与产品质量法的产生基础大相径庭。由此来看,在产生基础方面,产品质量法具有明显的经济法属性。其次,产生基础在决定事物属性的同时,还决定着事物所要实现的目的。产品质量法的产生基础决定了其立法目的在于加强产品质量监督管理,提高产品质量水平,促进经济发展；在明确产品责任的基础上,保护消费者的合法权益,以此来维护经济与社会相互促进相互协调的和谐社会秩序。这与经济法的稳定经济增长、保障基本人权、保护社会公益,以此来促进经济与社会良性运行与协调发展的目标一一对应,而明显的差别与民法仅仅追求经济目标,维护个体营利性的目标。所以,产品质量法的立法目的的经济法属性也凸显无疑。再次,作为最能反映一部法律所调整的社会关系特殊性的“权义结构”,无论是产品质量监督管理关系所产生的“权责结构”,还是产品质量责任关系所产生的“利义结构”,都与经济法“权义结构”相对应,体现出了经济法“权义结构”中主体地位的不平等、规范分布上的不均衡以及权义对应关系上的不对等。而与民法权利义务中主体的平等性,规范分布上的绝对均衡性及权利义务上的对应性是完全不一致的。产品质量法的“权义结构”再一次体现出了其经济法属性。最后,明显区别于民法责任的单一性、补偿性的特点上,产品质量法在法律责任承担上体现了经济法的经济性与规制性的特性,反映出其在保护法益方面的兼顾性,成本补偿方面的聚合性与加重性,责任形态选择上的多样性,尤其体现出了经济法角色决定责任的特性。显露出强烈的经济法属性。综上所述,产品质量法具有明显的经济法属性,其不属于民商法的范畴,是对民商法调整不足的必要的和有益补充。正确认识产品质量法的属性,促进其应有作用的正常发挥,更有助于实践操作中产品质量法的准确应用。
[Abstract]:The dispute over the legal attribute of the product quality law has never ceased to cease. The product quality law is a dispute attributable to the civil and commercial law or the economic law. How to give full play to the above has produced a strong desire for how to improve and implement the product quality law. This "market failure" has caused the desire of the civil society to the state, which makes the economic law of the product quality law more prominent. The maturity of the theory of economic law also makes the property of the product quality law economic law attribute a demonstration. The possibility of reality.
The demonstration of the property of the economic law of the product quality law begins at the basis of the argument. First, the basis is the logical starting point of knowing things, and the foundation determines the attributes of things. The basis of product quality law determines its own attributes, the objective basis of its "market failure", the social conditions of rapid social and economic development, and the tradition. The legal reasons such as the civil and commercial law can not solve the problems caused by the market failure, all coincide with the basis of the economic law, and the civil law, as the recognition law of the market economy, lacks the attention to the market defects and market obstacles at the beginning of the production, and the basis is different from the production basis of the product quality law. The product quality law has obvious economic law attributes. Secondly, the basis of product quality is determined by the attributes of things. The basis of product quality law determines that the purpose of the product quality law is to strengthen the supervision and management of product quality, raise the quality of product and promote the economic development; it is clear that the product quality method can promote the economic development. On the basis of product liability, protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, in order to maintain a harmonious and harmonious social order between the economy and the society to promote and coordinate each other. This is with the economic law to stabilize the economic growth, safeguard the basic human rights and protect the social public welfare, in order to promote the goal of the benign operation and coordinated development of the economy and society, and obvious The difference and civil law only pursue the economic goal and maintain the goal of individual profit. Therefore, the economic law attribute of the legislative purpose of the product quality law is also obvious. Again, as the "right meaning structure" which can reflect the special nature of the social relations adjusted by a law, no matter the "power and responsibility knot" produced by the quality supervision and management relationship of the product quality. The "structure", or the "structure of profit" produced by the relationship of product quality responsibility, corresponds to the "right meaning structure" of the economic law. It embodies the inequality in the main position of the "right meaning structure" in the economic law, the imbalance in the standard distribution and the unequal relationship between the right and meaning. The absolute equilibrium in distribution and the correspondence of rights and obligations are completely inconsistent. The "right meaning structure" of the product quality law once again embodies its economic law attribute. Finally, it is distincently different from the single nature of civil liability and the characteristic of the compensatory character that the product quality law embodies the economic law of the economic law and the regulation of the legal responsibility. The characteristics of the system reflect its balance in the protection of legal interests, the aggregability and aggravation of the cost compensation, the diversity of the choice of responsibility form, especially the characteristics of the role of economic law in determining the responsibility.
To sum up, the product quality law has obvious property of economic law. It does not belong to the category of civil and commercial law. It is a necessary and beneficial supplement to the insufficient adjustment of civil and commercial law. It is helpful to correctly recognize the attribute of product quality law and to promote its proper function.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.294

【参考文献】