租约提单中的并入条款

发布时间：2018-05-03 12:54

本文选题：租约 + 租约提单　；参考：《上海海运学院》2002年硕士论文

【摘要】： 有关提单的法律及实务，是国际贸易与国际航运中最重要的一部分。近年来，关于提单的各种问题更是日趋复杂，很多问题难以深入了解。特别是随着短航次的增多和船舶速度的提高，，航次租约下的运输也随之增多，有关航次租约的问题也日益增多。其中存在较多争议的问题之一就是，租约提单中的并入条款。本文试图就有关租约提单下的并入条款中的若干法律及实务方面的问题展开讨论。第一章主要阐述租约并入提单的主张人，主要是指船舶所有人及租船承运人，以及被认定为提单承运人的光船租船人、定期租船人、航次租船人等；进而阐述这些主张人为什么要将租约条款并入提单，租约并入提单后租约与租约提单之间是怎样的关系等问题。同时分析了租约下签发的提单由不同人持有时具有的不同性质，以及租约并入提单后两者之间无法一致的几种情况。第二章首先阐明英美普通法中对租约提单中并入条款解释的几大原则：与合约标的事项直接关联的原则；“附属性条款”需有效合并的原则；合并条款要寻求双方订约的意愿；合并主要是针对与货物运输和货物交付有关的内容；合并的条款必须公平合理等原则。然后根据这些原则，具体阐述租约中容易产生纠纷的条款，如运费条款、亏舱费条款、滞期费条款、仲裁条款等条款能否并入提单，如何并入提单的问题。在具体说明的过程中，也阐述了我国海商法的规定及实务中的做法，并尽可能对其进行分析，指出其中不完善之处，并试图提出一些改进的方法。其中将仲裁条款作为阐述的重点，因为仲裁条款本身是租约双方在租约中约定解决双方产生的纠纷的方式，因而仲裁条款能否并入提单，对解决承运人与提单持有人之间产生的纠纷也有很重要的作用。第三章结合英美普通法来说明各国包括我国对租约提单中的并入条款的法律效力是予以承认的。并具体分析了几种特殊情况下对提单中并入条款效力的认定，这几种特殊情况是在转租船的情况下；提单并入条款存在空白时；以及口头租约并入时的租约提单并入条款的效力问题。在前两章中已涉及到对我国《海商法》第95条规定的分析，在这一章又作为单独的问题提出来试图多做一些探讨。第四章探讨租约并入提单存在较多争议的几个问题，分析了是什么原因导致租约条款并入提单时总是很混乱，很不规范?之后又分析了租约中一些看似不太合理的条款（如无单放货条款）能否以提单中的合并条款并入提单，结合英国判例法的做法，针对我国的现状，本人试图提出一些肤浅的观点。
[Abstract]:The law and practice of bill of lading is the most important part of international trade and international shipping . In recent years , the problems of bill of lading are more and more complex , and many problems are difficult to understand . Especially with the increase of short voyage and the increase of ship speed , the problem of voyage charter is increasing . One of the more controversial issues is the incorporation clause in the charter bill of lading .

Chapter One mainly deals with the proposition that the lease is incorporated into the bill of lading , mainly referring to the owner of the ship and the carrier of the chartering , as well as the charterers , the regular charterers , the voyage charterers , etc . , who have been identified as the carrier of the bill of lading .
Furthermore , the author explains why the proposition is to incorporate the lease terms into the bill of lading , the relationship between the lease and the lease bill of lading after the lease is incorporated into the bill of lading . At the same time , the paper analyzes the different nature of the bill of lading issued under the lease from different persons , and several situations which cannot be agreed between the lease and the bill of lading .

In the second chapter , the principles of the interpretation of the clauses in the contract bill of lading are first set forth : the principle of direct association with the subject matter of the contract ;
The Principle of Effective Combination of the Articles of the Supplementary Attributes ;
The consolidation clause seeks the will of both parties ;
The merger is primarily directed to the delivery of goods and goods ;
Based on these principles , the article expounds the clauses of easy dispute in the lease , such as the terms of freight , the clauses of the allowance , the terms of the delay , the arbitration clause and so on , which can be incorporated into the bill of lading , how to merge the clauses of the bill of lading .

In the third chapter , it is recognized that the legal effect of the incorporation clause in the Bill of Lading is recognized by the common law of Anglo - American , and it analyzes the cognizance of the effect of the incorporation clause in the Bill of Lading under special circumstances .
Where a bill of lading is incorporated into the clause ;
In the first two chapters , the article deals with the analysis of Article 95 of the Law on Maritime Law of China . In the first two chapters , it has been put forward to try to do more in this chapter as a separate issue .

The fourth chapter discusses several problems in the dispute between the lease contract and the bill of lading , analyzes what causes the lease terms to be incorporated into the bill of lading , is always in confusion , is not standardized ?

Can a reasonable provision ( such as a non - order release clause ) be incorporated into a bill of lading in the form of a bill of lading , in conjunction with the English sentence

In view of the present situation of our country , I try to put forward some superficial opinions .

【学位授予单位】：上海海运学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：D996

【引证文献】