保险人的共同海损、救助报酬、施救费用赔偿责任研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 18:21

本文选题：海上保险 + 共同海损　；参考：《大连海事大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代海上保险合同无不把共同海损、救助报酬和施救费用列为承保范围,人们往往误认为,保险人对于在海上航程中发生的共同海损、救助报酬以及施救费用都负责赔偿。实际上,保险人的赔偿责任是以保险合同为基础的,保险人为了自身利益,往往在保险单中,对共同海损、救助报酬和施救费用的认定及计算作出特别规定。另外,虽然共同海损、救助报酬和施救费用都是被保险人为拯救保险标的而产生的,具有相似性,但是这三者性质不同,保险赔偿方式亦不相同,因此,在保险实践中准确把握这三种损失的性质并加以区分,有非常重要的意义。我国《海商法》和有关保险条款中,关于保险人共同海损、救助报酬和施救费用赔偿责任的规定仍有许多不完善的地方。本文通过借鉴英国《1906年海上保险法》、英国协会保险条款和《2010年挪威海上保险方案》,对我国《海商法》和相关保险条款中有关保险人共同海损、救助报酬和施救费用赔偿责任的规定提出了相应的修改建议,包括但不限于如下内容：(1)保险条款中应明确保险人的共同海损、救助报酬赔偿责任必须以承保风险为基础；(2)在船壳险和货运险的保险条款中,应明确将涉及环境因素的费用和责任包括特别补偿,作为除外责任加以规定；(3)扩大船舶全损险的承保范围,将施救费用也包括在全损险中；(4)不足额保险下保险人的共同海损、救助报酬和施救费用赔偿责任的计算都应以保险价值为基础；(5)针对共同海损理算时间长和费用高的问题,我国可以借鉴挪威船舶保险条款中的共同海损吸收条款,简化对小额共同海损案件的处理。
[Abstract]:In modern marine insurance contracts, the general average, salvage reward and salvage expenses are all included in the scope of coverage. People often mistake the insurer for compensation for general average, salvage reward and rescue expenses incurred on voyages at sea. In fact, the insurer's liability is based on the insurance contract, the insurer, for its own benefit, often in the insurance policy, the general average, salvage compensation and rescue expenses for the determination and calculation of special provisions. In addition, although the general average, salvage reward and salvage expenses are all generated by the insured in order to save the subject matter of insurance, they are similar, but the three are different in nature and the way of insurance compensation is also different, so, It is of great significance to accurately grasp the nature of these three losses and distinguish them in the practice of insurance. There are still many imperfections in the maritime law of our country and the relevant insurance provisions concerning the liability of the insurer for general average, compensation for salvage and salvage expenses. By referring to the British Marine Insurance Act 1906, the British Association Insurance Clause and the Norwegian Marine Insurance Scheme 2010, this paper deals with the general average of insurers in the Maritime Code of China and the relevant insurance clauses. The provisions on compensation for compensation for salvage and rescue expenses have been proposed for amendment, including, but not limited to, the following contents: 1) the insurance clause shall specify the general average of the insurer, Compensation for compensation for salvage must be based on underwriting risks. In the insurance clauses for hull and freight insurance, the costs and liabilities relating to environmental factors should be explicitly included in special compensation, To extend the coverage of the ship's total loss insurance and to include the salvage expenses in the total loss insurance as well as to cover the general average of the insurer if the insurance is not fully insured, Compensation for salvage and salvage expenses should be calculated on the basis of insurance value. (5) in view of the problem of long adjustment time and high cost of general average adjustment, China can draw lessons from the general average absorption clause in the Norwegian marine insurance clause. To simplify the handling of small general average cases.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.294

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