论海上保险中的因果关系原则

发布时间：2018-05-03 17:30

本文选题：因果关系 + 近因　；参考：《大连海事大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：从古至今，不论是哲学抑或自然科学、社会科学，因果关系都是各门学科所研究的重大课题。而就海上保险来说，因果关系原则是法学界和实务界探讨争论不止的一个问题。其中涉及到许多非常有价值而且有操作性的学说，近因原则是其中一个影响比较大的学说。本文第一章将着重介绍我国对于因果关系原则的立法现状及实践做法，我国调整海上保险的两大主要法律有《海商法》和《保险法》．但是在两大法律和相关的法规中并没有对因果关系原则的明示规定．而因果关系原则又是责任承担的基本考虑因素，所以在本章中先对立法和司法实践作以概括和介绍。本文第二章主要侧重于因果关系原则的概述。首先介绍了哲学领域里关于因果关系的理论和学说，为从其哲学根源上来理解因与果之间的联系，从而为法律领域内的因果关系做好理论上的准备。同时还介绍了两大法系民法领域中关于因果关系的一些代表性观点，如原因说、条件说、必然因果关系说、相当因果关系说等，以及在海上保险领域最具代表性的近因说；还将简单涉及民法与保险法因果关系学说的比较。本文第三章将介绍判断因果关系的不同标准。主要是通过介绍判断因果关系的几种不同标准并对其进行比较，最终得出自己的判断，找出适合我国实际情况的因果关系学说——近因原则。第四章侧重因果关系原则在海上保险中的具体运用。通过结合案件的具体情况，，文章将区分几种情况来介绍因果关系中近因的判定过程，主要是多因混杂时对近因的确定、近因原则的确定以及判断时的相关问题等。当然在介绍的同时将有案例佐证，以便展现近因确定的动态过程。这是文章的重点部分。本文第五章就司法实践中因果关系举证的问题展开论述，主要是关于举证责任由谁承担以及其如何在当事人之间移转。尽量使近因原则在解决海上保险纠纷确定双方当事人所负的举证责任时，有较为全面的展开，从而使海上保险中因果关系的分析达到一定的理论深度和实践意义。本文最后一章主要阐述了笔者对我国建立相关因果关系原则的建议。目前，在我国海上保险领域，近因原则在确定海损原因时只作为一种参考原则，并没有明确的法律地位，相关保险立法，无论是《保险法》还是《海商法》也没有明文规定。因此，近因原则在我国保险法学理论与实践中确实是值得深入研究与探讨的问题。简单地将英美法系的原文引入也许并不合适，究竟如何将该原则的一些合理理念引入中国的海上保险立法中，还需要同中国的保险市场实践相结合。同时提出一点个人粗浅的建议，希望能对我国在修改相关法律和制定解释规则时能有所帮助。
[Abstract]:From ancient times to the present, whether it is philosophical or natural science, social science and causality is a major subject studied by various subjects. For marine insurance, the principle of causality is a question not only in jurisprudence and practice. It involves many very valuable and operable theories, and the principle of proximate cause is its principle. One of the most influential theories.
The first chapter of this article will focus on the legislative status and practice of the principle of causality in China. The two main laws of China's maritime insurance adjustment are "maritime law" and "insurance law", but there is no explicit stipulation on the principle of causality in the two laws and related laws and regulations. The principle of causality is also responsible for the principle of causation. Basic considerations, so in this chapter, we first summarize and introduce legislative and judicial practices.
The second chapter of this article mainly focuses on the summary of the principle of causality. First, it introduces the theory and theory of causality in the field of philosophy, in order to understand the relationship between the cause and the fruit from its philosophical origin, and thus prepare the theoretical preparation for the causality in the legal field. Some representative views of causality, such as reason, condition, causality, equivalent causality, and the most representative theory of proximate cause in the field of marine insurance; and a comparison of the theory of causality between civil law and insurance law.
The third chapter of this article will introduce the different criteria for judging causality, mainly by introducing and comparing several different standards of causality and comparing them, finally getting their own judgment and finding the theory of causality suitable for the actual situation of our country - the principle of proximate cause.
The fourth chapter focuses on the specific application of the principle of causality in marine insurance. By combining the specific cases of the case, the article will distinguish several cases to introduce the determination process of the proximate cause in the causality, mainly the determination of the proximate cause, the determination of the principle of the proximate cause and the related problems when the judgment is judged. There is case evidence to show the dynamic process of proximate cause. This is the key part of the article.
The fifth chapter of this article discusses the problem of the proof of causality in the judicial practice, mainly about who is responsible for the burden of proof and how it is transferred between the parties. The analysis of fruit relations reaches a certain theoretical depth and practical significance.
The last chapter of this article mainly expounds the author's proposal for establishing the principle of causality in China.
At present, in the field of marine insurance, the principle of proximate cause only serves as a reference for determining the cause of marine damage.
There is no definite legal status, and the relevant insurance legislation is either "insurance law" or "maritime law".
Therefore, the principle of proximate cause is indeed worth studying in the theory and practice of insurance law in China.
It is probably not appropriate to introduce the original texts of the Anglo American legal system.
The introduction of some reasonable ideas of this principle into China's marine insurance legislation also needs to work with China's insurance market.
Combining practice with practice. At the same time, we put forward some superficial suggestions, hoping to modify relevant laws in China.
It can help with the formulation of the rules of interpretation.

【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D922.294;D922.284

【引证文献】