台湾地区和大陆地区行政诉讼审判程序制度比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 14:07

本文选题：行政诉讼 + 审判制度　；参考：《广西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：摘要：行政诉讼审判程序制度是我国诉讼法律体系中重要的一个环节,对我国解决行政涉诉问题有着重要的意义,也是化解人民矛盾的重要途径,对法治中国中国建设和和谐中国建设都有着非比寻常的意义,故完善与改进行政诉讼审判程序制度也是我国立法工作的一项重要内容。大陆与台湾地区有着相似的文化渊源和传统习惯,两岸同属于一个中国,儒家文化对两岸都有着深远的影响,虽然由于历史遗留问题,双方目前处于分离状态,但我们相信两岸最终一定能够实现和平统一。目前两岸因为政治制度和经济基础不同,在很多领域都表现出了诸多的差异,诸如经济状况、政治制度等。两岸的法律制度因为按照不同的模式发展,也表现出了很多不同,但在双方在法律上的发展上却有着很长的一段共同发展之路。借鉴和吸收台湾地区优秀的行政诉讼法制经验,对完善我国的行政诉讼法律有着非比寻常的意义。大陆和台湾地区的行政诉讼审判程序制度分别经过了三十余年和近百年的发展历史,在各自不同的发展历程中形成了各有特色的行政诉讼审判程序制度,和本土政治经济文化等资源形成了比较融洽的关系。追溯起源台湾地区行政诉讼法最早可追溯至民国时期制定的“六法全书”也即所谓的宪法、刑法、民法、商法、民事诉讼法以及刑事诉讼法,后来民国政府又把商法分拆开来,形成了民法的一部分和行政法,行政法制定后又仿照民事诉讼法制定了行政诉讼法,到目前为止台湾地区的行政诉讼法还和民事诉讼法保持着极密切的关系,突出特点就是台湾行政诉讼法中保留了很多转向条款(直接把条文内容设计为适用民事诉讼法的某某条款),台湾地区行政诉讼法发展历史长也经过了长期的实践验证,虽然两岸社会体质存在巨大差异,但在不涉及社会体制的具体社会法律制度方面,大陆地区完全可以在通过考量论证的基础中适度、合理的吸收引用。台湾地区行政诉讼法的具体制度规定上都展现出了较为先进的一些方面诸如简易程序的运用、注重对公共利益和行政诉讼善意第三人利益的保护,合理采用诉讼和解调解制度以及保留必要的转向条款等,这些制度都是大陆地区行政诉讼法所欠缺的方面。另外在一些两岸两岸都有规定的制度上,大陆地区规定的相对比较简陋,操作性不强或者操作中出现了很多法律法规中没有规定的情况,造成有法可依原则大打折扣。台湾地区行政诉讼法有308条,而且还规定了近百条的转向民事诉讼法的转向条款,合计起来超过400条的内容,反观大陆地区1989版行政诉讼法仅有75条,即使连新公布的行政诉讼法修正案草案也仅仅只有99条,如果再加上行政诉讼相关的司法解释也才200条左右,和台湾地区相比存在着巨大的数量差异,这也直接导致了很多规定只有寥寥数语,出现了在实际适用中操作性较差的结果。如在证据制度的规定上,在保全程序的运用上等方面,台湾地区都是以专编来规定,条文繁多,规定的十分详尽,尽量照顾到可能在实际运用中出现的各种问题。本论文在综合考量两岸行政诉讼审判程序制度差异的基础上,选择了几个比较重要的方面对两岸的行政诉讼审判程序制度进行了比较研究,首先综述了两岸行政诉讼审判程序制度的主要内容,并以图表框架的形式展现出来,形成直观印象,接着在讨论两岸行政诉讼基本原则和制定理念的基础上,又分析两方制定原则和理念的差异以及出现这些差异的原因,接着又对两岸的具体行政诉讼制度进行了对比分析,主要是从一审程序、二审程序、再审程序以及一些特殊的程序制度等方面作出对比分析,剖析了两岸在这些制度方面的主要差异以及产生这些差异的原因和这些制度运用效果及其优劣。通过对两岸行政诉讼审判程序制度综合的比较和具体制度的比较,希望可以互相借鉴促进双方行政诉讼立法的发展,在此基础上,着重探讨了大陆地区行政诉讼法应当吸纳引进台湾行政诉讼法的几个方面,主要包括简易程序、公益保护、第三人利益保护、和解调解制度的运用、保全程序运用、转向条款的运用以及加强立法可操作性等几个问题。这几个方面是大陆地区行政诉讼法的欠缺之处也是台湾地区行政诉讼法长期实践具有优势的地方,通过对这些方面的借鉴与采纳,大陆地区的行政诉讼法立法质量一定会得到极大提升,依法治国战略也会更加完善。
[Abstract]:Abstract: the system of administrative litigation trial procedure is an important link in the legal system of our country. It has an important meaning to solve the problem of administrative litigation in China, and it is also an important way to resolve the contradictions of the people. It has a non ordinary meaning to China's construction of the rule of law in China and the construction of harmonious China. Therefore, the improvement and improvement of the administrative litigation trial should be improved. The system of judgment procedure is also an important part of our legislative work.
The mainland and Taiwan have similar cultural origins and traditional customs. Both sides belong to one China. The Confucian culture has a profound influence on both sides of the Straits. Although the two sides are now in a state of separation because of the problems left over by history, we believe that the two sides will eventually be able to achieve peaceful reunification. At present, the two sides of the Straits are due to political system and economy. There are many differences in many fields, such as economic situation, political system and so on. The legal system between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits has also shown a lot of differences, but there is a long way to develop the two sides in the development of the law. The experience of litigation legal system is of great significance to the perfection of administrative litigation law in China.
After more than thirty years and nearly one hundred years of development history in mainland and Taiwan, the system of administrative litigation trial procedure has been formed in different course of development, and it has formed a relatively harmonious relationship with local political, economic and cultural resources. The administrative litigation of the origin of Taiwan area is traced back to the administrative litigation. The law of first instance can be traced back to the "six law books" formulated in the period of the Republic of China, namely the so-called constitution, criminal law, civil law, commercial law, civil procedure law and criminal procedure law. Later, the government of the Republic of China separated the commercial law and formed part of the civil law and administrative law. After the formulation of the administrative law, the administrative procedure law was fixed on the basis of the legal system of civil procedure, to the eye. The administrative procedure law of the Taiwan area has kept a very close relationship with the civil procedure law so far. It is characterized by the fact that there are many turning clauses in the administrative procedure law of Taiwan (which is designed directly as a certain clause applicable to the Civil Procedure Law). The long history of the development of the administrative litigation law in Taiwan has also undergone a long practice test. Although there are great differences in the social constitution between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits, the mainland area can be moderately and reasonably absorbed in the basis of the examination and demonstration without the specific social legal system involved in the social system. The specific regulations of the administrative procedure law in the Taiwan area have shown some more advanced aspects such as simplicity. The application of the procedure should pay attention to the protection of the interests of the third party in the public interest and the administrative litigation, the reasonable adoption of the mediation system of the lawsuit and the preservation of the necessary steering clauses, which are all lacking in the administrative procedure law of the mainland. There are 308 articles in the administrative procedure law of Taiwan, and there are nearly one hundred rules to turn to the civil procedure law, which combined the contents of more than 400 articles and the 1989 edition of mainland China. There are only 75 political procedural laws. Even if the newly announced draft amendment to the administrative procedure law is only 99, the judicial interpretation related to the administrative litigation is only about 200, and there are a large number of differences compared with the Taiwan region. The result of poor sex. For example, in the provisions of the evidence system, and in the application of the preservation procedure, the Taiwan area is stipulated in the special compilation, the provisions are numerous, the provisions are very detailed, and as far as possible to take care of the various problems that may appear in the practical application.
On the basis of a comprehensive examination of the differences in the system of administrative proceedings in the two sides of the Straits, this paper makes a comparative study of several important aspects of the administrative litigation procedure system on both sides of the Straits. First, it summarizes the main contents of the administrative litigation procedure system on both sides of the Straits, and shows it in the form of a chart frame and forms a direct view. On the basis of discussing the basic principles and ideas of administrative litigation on both sides of the Straits, the author then analyses the differences between the principles and ideas made by the two parties and the reasons for these differences, and then makes a comparative analysis of the specific administrative litigation system on both sides of the Straits, mainly from the first instance, the second trial procedure, the retrial procedure and some special cases. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the procedure system, analyzes the main differences between the two sides of the two sides of the system and the reasons for these differences, and the effect and the advantages and disadvantages of these systems. Through the comparison of the system of the trial procedure of the administrative litigation between the two sides of the Straits and the comparison of the specific system, we hope that the two sides can learn from each other to promote the administrative litigation of both sides. On the basis of the development of legislation, it is emphasized that the administrative procedure law of the mainland should absorb several aspects of the introduction of the administrative procedure law of Taiwan, including the simple procedure, the protection of public welfare, the protection of the interests of the third party, the application of the conciliation mediation system, the application of the preservation procedure, the application of the transfer to the terms and the strengthening of the operability of the legislation, and so on. In these aspects, the deficiencies of the administrative litigation law in the mainland are also the advantages of the long term practice of the administrative litigation law in Taiwan. Through the reference and adoption of these aspects, the legislative quality of the administrative litigation law in the mainland will be greatly improved and the strategy of governing the country according to law will be more perfect.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.3

【参考文献】