我国海事诉讼管辖制度的现状及完善

发布时间：2018-05-12 11:27

本文选题：海事管辖 + 扣船管辖　；参考：《上海海事大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国的海事审判起步于20世纪70年代末,随着海事专门法院的设立,我国逐步积累了丰富的海事审判经验,1999年《中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法》(下简称“《海诉法》”)颁布实施,作为1991年《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》(下简称“《民诉法》”)的特别法,并结合1993年《中华人民共和国海商法》(下简称“《海商法》”)对我国海事审判进行系统明确的规范,确立了海事案件的专门管辖,初步形成了比较完整的,具有中国特色的海事司法制度。我国自1989年在国际海事组织第16届大会上首次当选为A类理事国后,已经连续多年连任国际海事组织A类理事国,根据联合国贸易与发展会议发表的“1998年海事运输业回顾”报告,我国已跻身世界五大海事大国之列,目前我国正力图成为亚太地区的海事司法中心。客观地讲,海诉法是一部比较先进的程序性法律,它从中国海事诉讼的特点出发,以《民诉法》的规定为基本原则,总结了人民法院在海事审判中积累的宝贵经验,同时借鉴了有关国际公约、国际惯例和国外一些国家在海事诉讼领域的先进做法。但同时也存在着很多不尽人意的地方,导致我国的海事审判存在着许多不足与不完善的地方。例如,《海诉法》与本国民事制度以及司法实践相互的冲突。同时,对程序的重视还远远未达到司法公平的要求,对当事人利益的维护还存在薄弱,等等诸如此类。产生这些问题的原因是多方面的,纵向分析,与我国的法制发展史有莫大的关系,横向分析,又与我国所处的大环境又脱不了关系,笔者将以此为起点,先从我国的法治发展史分析产生这些问题的根本原因,继而介绍西方发达国家在这方面的历史发展状况,再将两者进行比较。接着在第二章分析我国海事诉讼管辖在扣船管辖、提单管辖、海事强制令以及油污损害赔偿方面的问题所在,然后在第三章中介绍西方国家的先进制度尤其是美国和英国在这方面的制度作为参考,当然也会涉及到欧洲及南美洲的其他国家的制度。我国入世已近五年,许多承诺都需要开始兑现,入世的大环境对我国法律制度提出了更高的要求,在海事诉讼方面当然就有更高的要求,因为海事诉讼方面涉及的涉外诉讼较多,笔者在第四部分将对此方面我国所面临的挑战作出一定分析,并浅略地提出一些意见。但是鉴于笔者水平有限,无法提出足够有建设性地意见,只能略提一些粗浅的见解,以期
[Abstract]:The maritime trial in China started in the late 1970s, with the establishment of specialized maritime courts. China has gradually accumulated rich experience in maritime trial. In 1999, the Special procedure Law of the people's Republic of China on Maritime Proceedings (hereinafter referred to as "Maritime suit Law") was promulgated and implemented. As a special law of the Civil procedure Law of the people's Republic of China of 1991 (hereinafter referred to as "the Civil procedure Law"), Combined with the 1993 Maritime Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "Maritime Law"), the maritime trials in China have been systematically and clearly standardized, and the special jurisdiction over maritime cases has been established, which has initially formed a relatively complete one. Maritime judicial system with Chinese characteristics. My country has been reelected to category A of the International Maritime Organization for many years since it was first elected as a member of category A at the 16th General Assembly of the International Maritime Organization in 1989. According to the "Review of Maritime Transport Industry 1998" published by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, China has been one of the five largest maritime countries in the world. At present, China is striving to become the maritime justice center in the Asia-Pacific region. Objectively speaking, the maritime litigation law is a relatively advanced procedural law, which, proceeding from the characteristics of maritime litigation in China and taking the provisions of the Civil procedure Law as the basic principle, sums up the valuable experience accumulated by the people's courts in maritime trials. At the same time, it draws lessons from relevant international conventions, international practices and advanced practices of some foreign countries in the field of maritime litigation. But at the same time, there are many unsatisfactory places, which lead to many deficiencies and imperfections in our maritime trial. For example, the Law of Maritime Proceedings conflicts with its civil system and judicial practice. At the same time, the attention to the procedure is far from the requirements of judicial fairness, the protection of the interests of the parties is still weak, and so on. There are many reasons for these problems. The longitudinal analysis has a great relationship with the history of the legal development of our country. The horizontal analysis is also related to the general environment of our country. The author will take this as the starting point. This paper first analyzes the root causes of these problems from the history of the development of our country's rule of law, then introduces the historical development of the western developed countries in this respect, and then compares the two. Then in the second chapter, the author analyzes the problems of maritime litigation jurisdiction in China, such as arrest jurisdiction, bill of lading jurisdiction, maritime injunction and compensation for oil pollution damage. Then in the third chapter, the advanced systems of the western countries, especially those of the United States and the United Kingdom, are introduced as a reference. Of course, they will also involve the systems of other countries in Europe and South America. It has been nearly five years since China entered the WTO, and many of its commitments need to be fulfilled. The general environment of China's entry into the WTO has put forward higher requirements for our legal system, and of course there are higher requirements in maritime litigation. Because there are more foreign litigation involved in maritime litigation, in the fourth part, the author will make a certain analysis of the challenges faced by China in this respect, and put forward some suggestions. However, in view of the limited level of the author, it is impossible to put forward enough constructive opinions, so I can only give some superficial views, with a view to
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D925.1

【共引文献】