晚清商会制度论略

发布时间：2018-05-16 12:45

本文选题：商会 + 会馆　；参考：《河南大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：商会是商人之间建立的自治性的社团法人。目前各国的商会制度有所不同,但是它们的功能都是类似的,都是为了维护商人利益、发展工商业。商会的建立有力的促进了工商业的发展。我国清末的商会是近些年研究的热点。本文以清末商会对于纠纷的解决机制作为切入点,主要介绍了我国清末商会的起源、建立以及建立的原因、商会的性质和法律地位以及在经济社会中所发挥的功能,重点介绍分析了商会处理商业纠纷的范围、程序、结案方式和执行程序,最后将清末时期的商会和现代仲裁、民间调解以及外国的商会做了一下比较,使我们能够更清晰地认识到清末商会的面貌,其中写这篇论文的目的是为了对我国当代的商会组织的建设提供借鉴意义,我国目前的工商联和贸易促进会以及各种行业协会虽然在名义上是民间工商业者的自治组织,但它们还有很强的行政性,对政府还有很强的依赖性,这需要在以后的体制改革中加以完善。本文主要分为七个部分: 第一部分,主要介绍了商会的起源,商会起源于古代的商人团体,从我国古代的行会、市行、工行到明清时代的会馆、公所,清末时期的公所后来转变为商会,这些组织它们都是都具有一定的中介服务的职能,它们通过规章、行业惯例来实现对商户的管理,促进商业的协调发展,这是我国清末商会的初期阶段。第二部分,主要介绍了商会的建立,商会建立的原因除了我国工商业的发展外,清末外敌的入侵也是一个重要的方面,清政府为了维护自己的统治,决心同外国开展商战,发展我国的工商业,其中建立商会就是很重要的一个措施。商会是在官督民办下建立的,清政府通过颁布商会简明章程和一些实施细则来推动商会的建立,此后商会在全国迅速建立起来。第三部分,主要介绍了商会的权力与功能,商会具有规章制定权、商事纠纷的裁判权,还具有管理入会会员的权利,它可以通过调查商情,向政府提出商业发展的建议,商会的主要功能是调查商情、裁判商务纠纷还有一部分社会公益性的职能,例如培训、兴办教育、帮助进行城市管理建设等。第四部分,主要介绍了商会的性质和法律地位,我国清末的商会是一种社会团体法人,是一种商法人,它不具有营利性,也不属于公益性法人,它只是为商业商人服务的,联系商人和政府的互益性法人。虽然清末的商会归商部管理,但是它是商人自愿加入的组织,有一定的自治性。第五部分,主要介绍了商会对于纠纷的解决机制,主要从受案范围,即商会主要受理商事纠纷,主要是钱债、违约等,商会的管辖范围,主要是是纠纷所涉及的主体是本地人还是外地人还是外商,商会的管辖问题,以及商会在处理纠纷时与政府的裁判权的处理,重点介绍了商会的理案方式。第六部分,主要分析了清末商会裁判的性质问题,清末商会对纠纷的处理属于商会调解,而不是仲裁,也不是民间调解,它同这两者之间都有区别。另外清末的商会与国外的商会从建立的基础到裁判依据等都存在很大的不同。第七部分,主要分析了我国现阶段具有商会性质的全国工商联、行业协会以及贸易促进会存在的问题,它们从性质上来说还不是真正的商会,它们不是商人自治的社团组织,与政府还有着千丝万缕的联系,以后我国商会改革的目标就是建立现代的商会。
[Abstract]:The Chamber of Commerce is a hot spot in recent years . The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference for the establishment of the Chamber of Commerce in the late Qing Dynasty . The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference for the establishment of the Chamber of Commerce in the Qing Dynasty .

The first part mainly introduces the origin of the chamber of commerce , the chamber of commerce originated from the ancient businessman group , from the ancient guild , the city bank , the ICBC to the Ming and Qing Dynasties , the public office , the Qing Dynasty and the public office in the late Qing Dynasty into the chamber of commerce , these organizations all have certain intermediary service function , they realized the management of the merchants through the rules and industry practice , and promoted the coordinated development of commerce , which is the early stage of the Qing Dynasty Chamber of Commerce in China .

In the second part , the establishment of the Chamber of Commerce is mainly introduced . In addition to the development of our business and commerce , the foreign enemy invasion is an important aspect in the Qing Dynasty . In order to maintain its rule , the Qing government is determined to engage in business with foreign countries to develop our country ' s industry and commerce . The establishment of the Chamber of Commerce is a very important measure .

The third part mainly introduces the power and function of the Chamber of Commerce . The Chamber of Commerce has the power to establish the rules , the discretion of the commercial dispute and the right to manage the membership . The main function of the Chamber of Commerce is to investigate the business , judge the commercial disputes and some social public welfare functions , such as training , launching education , and helping to carry out the construction of city management .

The fourth part mainly introduces the property and legal status of the Chamber of Commerce . The Chamber of Commerce in the Qing Dynasty is a kind of legal person of a kind of society . It is a kind of commercial law person . It is a kind of commercial law person , it is not a legal person , it is the mutual benefit legal person of the businessman and the government . Although the Chamber of Commerce of the Qing Dynasty is managed by the business department , it is a voluntary organization of the businessman , and has certain autonomy .

The fifth part mainly introduces the dispute settlement mechanism of the chamber of commerce , mainly from the scope of the case , that is , the Chamber of Commerce mainly accepts the commercial dispute , mainly the money debt , the default and so on , the jurisdiction of the chamber of commerce , mainly whether the main body of the dispute is the local person or the foreign person or the foreign businessman , the chamber of commerce ' s jurisdiction question , and the chamber of commerce to deal with the government ' s discretion when dealing with the dispute , the focus on the Chamber of Commerce ' s case .

In the sixth part , the nature of the decision of the Chamber of Commerce of the Qing Dynasty was analyzed . The treatment of disputes by the Chamber of Commerce of the Late Qing Dynasty belongs to the mediation of the Chamber of Commerce , not the arbitration nor the civil mediation . It is different from the two . The Chamber of Commerce and the Chamber of Commerce of the Qing Dynasty differ greatly from the foundation of the establishment to the judgment basis .

The seventh part mainly analyzes the problems existing in the National Federation of Industry and Commerce , the trade associations and the trade promotion associations which are of the nature of the Chamber of Commerce in our country at present . They are not real chambers of commerce in nature . They are not members of the self - government of businessmen , and there are countless ties with the government . In the future , the aim of the reform of the Chamber of Commerce is to establish a modern chamber of commerce .

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929;D923-26

【引证文献】