单位犯罪主体问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 15:32

本文选题：单位犯罪 + 主体　；参考：《郑州大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 单位犯罪自产生以来，国内外有关该问题的研究已为数不少，但是，对单位犯罪主体进行专门研究的尚为数不多。时至今日，承认单位犯罪已经是刑法理论和刑事立法的主流，但是，单位承担刑事责任的理论基础以及对单位主体认定存在分歧使得司法实践与刑事立法相脱节，并成为诸多疑难争议问题产生的根源。本文主要围绕上述问题展开研究。本文第一部分对单位主体进行本体剖析，，提出构成单位犯罪主体必须具备合法性、组织性、具有独立的财产或经费、具有一定的独立性四个形式特征。合法性是单位主体资格的前提，独立的财产或经费是单位主体资格的物质基础和保障，组织性使单位成为一个系统整体而区别于自然人及其松散的结合，一定的独立性使单位能够以自己的名义决策、行动并与其他主体区分开来。四个形式特征缺一不可。具有刑事责任能力是单位犯罪主体应具备的实质特征。本文第二部分对单位主体进行刑法学分析，提出单位犯罪主体是一元主体，具备刑事责任能力，并提出建立刑法学意义上的“团体人格”概念。单位具备团体人格就具有单位犯罪的主体资格。单位犯罪主体本质上是一个社会系统，而且是一个人格化的社会系统；它具有自己的整体意志和行为，具有犯罪能力和刑罚适应能力，因而具有刑事责任能力。单位犯罪主体的刑事责任本质上是整体责任。单位具备团体人格是单位具备刑事责任能力的基础。团体人格的基本要求是：具备独立的财产或经费、能够在一定范围内独立决策并开展活动、能够承担相对独立的责任。具备相对独立的行为能力和一定的财产或经费是团体人格的前提和保障，而单位意志和单位行为的整体性则是单位团体人格的集中表现。团体人格的意义就在于明确了单位是一个独立的实体，与其成员的人格不可混同。实际上，单位犯罪主体应具备的形式特征和实质特征是内在统一的，形式特征是外在表现和判断依据；实质特征是对形式特征理论剖析的结果，而团体人格的概念则体现了二者的结合。论文第三部分在上述理论观点的指导下，结合我国刑事立法、司法以及单位犯罪的具体实际对若干疑难争议问题进行了分析研究，并对我国单位犯罪的司法实践和立法完善提出了自己的建议。
[Abstract]:Since the emergence of unit crime, there have been many researches on this issue at home and abroad, but the specialized research on the subject of unit crime is still few. Up to now, the recognition of unit crime has become the mainstream of criminal law theory and criminal legislation. However, the theoretical basis of unit bearing criminal responsibility and the differences in the identification of unit subject make judicial practice and criminal legislation out of line. And become the root of many difficult and controversial issues. This paper focuses on the above issues. In the first part of this paper, the author analyzes the main body of the unit, and points out that the subject of the crime must have the characteristics of legality, organization, independent property or funds, and have certain independence in four forms. Legitimacy is the premise of unit subject qualification, independent property or fund is the material basis and guarantee of unit subject qualification, organization makes the unit become a whole system and is different from natural person and its loose combination. A certain degree of independence enables the unit to make decisions, actions and differentiate itself from other entities in its own name. The four formal features are indispensable. Having the ability of criminal responsibility is the essential characteristic of the subject of unit crime. In the second part of this paper, the author makes an analysis of the unit subject, and points out that the unit crime subject is a unitary subject with the ability of criminal responsibility, and puts forward the concept of "group personality" in the sense of criminal law. Units with group personality have the subject qualification of unit crime. The subject of unit crime is essentially a social system and a humanized social system, which has its own overall will and behavior, its criminal capacity and its ability to adapt to punishment, so it has the capacity of criminal responsibility. The criminal responsibility of the subject of unit crime is essentially the whole responsibility. The unit has the group personality is the unit has the criminal responsibility ability foundation. The basic requirement of group personality is that it has independent property or funds, can make independent decisions and carry out activities within a certain range, and can undertake relatively independent responsibility. Having relatively independent behavior capacity and certain property or funds is the premise and guarantee of group personality, while the unity of unit will and unit behavior is the concentrated expression of unit group personality. The meaning of group personality is that the unit is an independent entity and can not be confused with the personality of its members. In fact, the formal and substantive characteristics of the subject of unit crime are internal unity, the formal characteristics are the external performance and the basis of judgment, and the substantive characteristics are the result of the analysis of the theory of formal characteristics. The concept of group personality reflects the combination of the two. The third part of the thesis, under the guidance of the above theoretical viewpoints, analyzes and studies some difficult and controversial issues in combination with the specific practice of criminal legislation, judicature and unit crime in our country. And put forward own suggestion to our country unit crime judicial practice and legislation consummation.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D924.1

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