《鹿特丹规则》下批量合同的违约责任问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 16:34

本文选题：鹿特丹规则 + 批量合同　；参考：《辽宁大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在海上货物运输实践中,批量合同应用广泛,作为一种可以自由约定合同内容的海上货物运输合同,批量合同更好的体现了合同当事人的意志,突破了传统海运公约的强制适用,体现了合同自由原则。《鹿特丹规则》将批量合同纳入公约调整的范围,引入合同自由原则,填补了批量合同在立法上的空白,是一大创举。作为海上货物运输合同,批量合同自然要受到《合同法》和《海商法》的调整,但是由于这是一种新型合同,因此没有专章规定,对批量合同的调整规范散见于诸多法条中。违约责任制度是合同法最重要的制度之一,保障合同的顺利履行和非违约方实现权利救济,因此研究批量合同的违约责任是有必要的。本文将基于批量合同自身特点,结合民法违约责任制度的框架,探讨批量合同的违约责任的体系,为中国《海商法》的修改提出相关立法建议。本文基本构架如下：第一章首先界定了批量合同的定义和性质,在此基础上结合《鹿特丹规则》对批量合同的特别规则,分析批量合同双方当事人的权利和义务。在本章第三节,结合海运法中违约责任的特点,分析了批量合同违约责任在法律适用上的特别之处。本文第二章和第三章,以合同法违约责任制度的理论体系为出发点,分析了批量合同的违约责任问题,重点研究了批量合同违约责任的违约行为形态和责任形式。在第二章中,分别论述了批量合同的违约行为：预期违约、不履行、不完全履行三种,并分析了批量合同的违约责任的免责条款。在本文第三章,结合《海商法》对运输合同的规定,形成批量合同违约责任体系。在本文最后,结合现今情况,分析了批量合同对我国海运贸易的影响。鉴于我国立法并未对批量合同进行专章规定,因此需要向《鹿特丹规则》对批量合同的特别规则进行借鉴,笔者围绕特殊规则和《海商法》的规定,论述了批量合同违约责任在立法时应当注意的情况,对于承运人的过失免责条款应当有哪些构成要件,当收货人拒绝取货或迟延取货时承运人是否可以以自己的名义进行提存,针对批量合同违约责任形态和责任形式在立法上提出建议。
[Abstract]:In the practice of carriage of goods by sea, the volume contract is widely used. As a contract of carriage of goods by sea which can freely agree on the contents of the contract, the volume contract better reflects the will of the parties to the contract. It breaks through the mandatory application of the traditional maritime transport convention and embodies the principle of freedom of contract. The Rotterdam rule brings the volume contract into the scope of the convention adjustment, introduces the principle of freedom of contract, and fills in the blank in the legislation of the volume contract, which is a great innovation. As a contract of carriage of goods by sea, the volume contract is naturally subject to the adjustment of contract law and maritime law, but because it is a new type of contract, there is no special regulation, and the regulation of volume contract is scattered in many articles of law. The system of liability for breach of contract is one of the most important systems in contract law. It is necessary to study the liability for breach of contract in bulk contract because it guarantees the smooth performance of contract and the realization of right relief for non-defaulting party. Based on the characteristics of bulk contracts and the framework of civil law liability for breach of contract, this paper discusses the system of liability for breach of contract in bulk contracts, and puts forward relevant legislative suggestions for the revision of Maritime Law of China. The basic framework of this paper is as follows: in the first chapter, the definition and nature of volume contract are defined, and on this basis, the rights and obligations of the parties to the volume contract are analyzed in combination with the special rules of the Rotterdam rules. In the third section of this chapter, combined with the characteristics of liability for breach of contract in maritime law, this paper analyzes the special features of the liability for breach of contract in volume contract in the application of law. In the second and third chapters, based on the theoretical system of contract law, this paper analyzes the liability for breach of contract in bulk contracts, and focuses on the form and form of breach of contract liability for breach of contract in bulk contracts. In the second chapter, the author discusses three kinds of breach of contract: anticipatory breach of contract, non-performance and incomplete performance, and analyzes the exemption clauses of breach of contract. In the third chapter, combined with the maritime law, the liability system of bulk contract breach is formed. At the end of this paper, combined with the current situation, the impact of volume contract on China's maritime trade is analyzed. In view of the fact that the legislation of our country does not have a specific chapter on volume contracts, it is necessary to draw lessons from the Rotterdam rules on the special rules of volume contracts. The author revolves around the special rules and the provisions of the Maritime Law. This paper discusses the circumstances that should be paid attention to in the legislation of breach of contract liability in bulk contract, what constitutes the fault exemption clause of the carrier, and whether the carrier can deposit it in his own name when the consignee refuses to take delivery of the goods or delays the delivery of the goods. In view of the bulk contract breach of contract liability form and form of legislation to put forward suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D996.19

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