无船承运人双重责任制度探析

发布时间：2018-05-18 10:21

本文选题：无船承运人 + 法律地位　；参考：《武汉大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：无船承运人是货运代理人发展到一定阶段的产物,而它一旦产生就具备了不同于货运代理人的法律地位,无船承运人在HOUSE提单中以承运人身份出现,而在OCEAN提单中以托运人身份出现,这种双重法律地位必然决定了其要承担双重法律责任。2002年1月1日生效的《国际海运条例》,首次在我国建立了无船承运业务的管理制度,改变了以往混乱无序的状况,但是关于无船承运人的法律地位和其应承担的责任,在我国的立法上并没有作出相应规定,在实际操作中容易引发纠纷,是一个亟待解决的问题。本文以我国《海商法》和《国际海运条例》以及其他相关的立法为依托,结合无船承运业务的实践,对无船承运人作为托运人和承运人的双重责任机制进行尝试性研究和探讨,并提出我国立法有待完善的建议,以促进无船承运人制度的健康发展。本文共包括五个部分,引言主要介绍了无船承运人产生、发展的背景,引出无船承运人具有双重责任;第一章是对无船承运人制度的概述,研究最基本的无船承运人法律问题,包括无船承运人的概念、特征、法律地位和识别;第二章分析了无船承运人作为承运人的责任制度,包括无船承运人的归责原则、责任免除、责任期间、责任限制、责任承担,特别对无船承运人是否享受单位赔偿责任限制和海事赔偿责任限制,无船承运人与实际承运人的责任划分以及无船承运人特殊的保险金制度和责任保险制度进行阐述,提出了自己的观点;第三章分析了无船承运人作为托运人的责任,包括无船承运人作为契约托运人的义务、责任、无船承运人与实际托运人之间责任的划分,并通过具体分析无船承运人在不同情形下支付运费的义务和实际承运人的权利救济方法,明确无船承运人作为托运人的责任以及纠纷的解决方法;结束语是对文章的总结,提出在我国建立无船承运人责任机制的重要性以及立法需完善的方面。本文采取了比较研究和实证分析的方法。在探讨无船承运人的法律地位和责任机制时,既横向比较无船承运人与其他关系人的法律制度差异,也纵向比较当前立法和以前的立法与实践的差异;在阐述无船承运人作为托运人的责任时,通过对不同国家的案例进行分析,明确无船承运人支付运费的义务和责任,以及法律制度在司法实践中的运用。
[Abstract]:NVOCC is the product of freight forwarder's development to a certain stage, and once it comes into being, it has different legal status from that of freight forwarder. NVOCC appears as carrier in HOUSE bill of lading. But in the OCEAN bill of lading as a shipper, this dual legal status inevitably determines its dual legal liability. The "International Maritime regulations", which came into effect on January 1, 2002, for the first time established the management system of the non-ship shipping business in our country. The situation of chaos and disorder in the past has been changed, but the legal status of NVOCC and its responsibility have not been stipulated in the legislation of our country, and it is easy to cause disputes in practical operation, which is an urgent problem to be solved. Based on China's Maritime Law, International Maritime regulations and other relevant legislation, combined with the practice of non-ship carriers, this paper makes a tentative study and discussion on the dual liability mechanism of non-ship carriers as shippers and carriers. In order to promote the healthy development of the non-ship carrier system, the legislation of our country needs to be improved. This paper consists of five parts. The introduction mainly introduces the background of the emergence and development of NVOCC, which leads to the dual responsibility of NVOCC. The first chapter is an overview of NVOCC system, which studies the most basic legal issues of NVOCC. The second chapter analyzes the liability system of NVOCC as carrier, including the liability principle of NVOCC, the exemption of liability, the period of liability, the limitation of liability and the assumption of liability. In particular, whether NVOCC enjoys the limitation of unit liability and maritime liability, the division of liability between NVOCC and actual carrier, and the special insurance system and liability insurance system of NVOCC are discussed. The third chapter analyzes the liability of NVOCC as shipper, including the obligation of NVOCC as contract shipper, liability, and the division between NVOCC and actual shipper. And through the specific analysis of the non-ship carrier's obligation to pay the freight under different circumstances and the right relief method of the actual carrier, it is clear that the non-ship carrier is the shipper's responsibility and the solution to the dispute; the conclusion is the summary of the article. The importance of establishing the liability mechanism of NVOCC in China and the perfection of legislation are put forward. This paper adopts the method of comparative research and empirical analysis. When discussing the legal status and liability mechanism of NVOCC, it not only compares the legal system difference between NVOCC and other related parties, but also compares the difference between current legislation and previous legislation and practice. In expounding the liability of NVOCC as shipper, the obligation and liability of NVOCC to pay freight and the application of legal system in judicial practice are clarified by analyzing the cases of different countries.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D996.19

【引证文献】