英国商法的现代化

发布时间：2018-05-18 17:36

本文选题：商法 + 英国　；参考：《山东师范大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：在英国法律体系中，以商品经济为核心基因促动下的商法，它的历史就像一条汹涌澎湃的河流，随着商品经济的发展演变而兴衰更替，其内涵、外延、制度体系、概念、原则以及立法技巧、编撰方法等都在不断地变异。商法看上去就像一张无缝的网，与社会现实保持着密切的联系，越来越多地在社会经济和政治生活中展示着自己的无穷魅力，成为英国法律大厦的一大支柱，并对人类社会的文明发展产生了重大影响。英国商法的现代化是一个法治含量逐渐增多的过程，一个基于其经济和政治现代化一定程度之上的过程。商法在其现代化进程中，不断地把过去展现于未来，表现为一种自主的发展。综述部分简要阐明了现代商法的状况、研究英国商法现代化进程的意义与国内外对此问题的研究状况。正文内容分成了五部分：一、商人法的产生。中世纪时，伴随商业的发达和城镇的兴起，英国出现了一个专职的商人阶层，他们在商业贸易过程中逐渐把商业交易习惯演化成为他们自己利益服务的商人习惯法，成为现代商法的最早法律渊源。二、商人法的演进。15世纪至16世纪，随着新航路的开辟和远距离商业贸易的发展，英国进入了资本主义原始资本积累时期。海内外贸易的繁荣急需发达的商人法来调整新出现的商业关系，于是，英国商人习惯法就在吸收国外商人法的基础上获得了发展，而且在对国外商人法的吸收过程中表现出了自己的特色。三、商人法的普通法化。资产阶级革命爆发后，各国在强化自己民族主权国家和统一法律制度的潮流中，英国的商人法也不可避免地归入了普通法，但由于英国革命的不彻底性，使普通法化后的商法较多地保留了中世纪商人法的一些特征，避免了像法国那样成为民法的特别法，为以后直接形成现代商法的轮廓打下了基础。四、现代商法体系的确立。工业革命后，主要资本主义国家进入了工业化时代，资本主义工业文明的滚滚洪流和席卷全球的殖民掠夺，开创了世界经济贸易的新纪元，以英国为中心的世界贸易体系形成了。这些商贸变化导致对英国商法的客观性、普遍性和概念准确性的要求与日俱增，权利的互惠性日益重要，商事裁判规范化和整体性应不断提高。19世纪末20世纪初，在大量涌现成文商事单行法的基础上，逐渐确立起了当时比较先进的英国现代商法体系，标志着英国商法的现代化基本完成。五、现代商法体系的完善。英国现代商法体系确立后，随着时代的发展，日新月异的科技进步又促使商法体系在其内外部进一步完善。尤其20世纪中后期，英国加强了对经济的宏观调控，使经济秩序由自由放任的资本主义发展到了受法规限制的资本主义，这些变化自然会渗透到英国的商法结构之中，体法和商事行为法的完善，甚至影响到所有商业活动的基础自治原则。影响到商事主同当事人意思结语部分主要阐明了在英国商法现代化进程中表现出来的一些规律性结论和有益的启示。并且相信:为了适应经济全球化和经济网络化的客观需要，针对世界(包括英国)涌现出一大批高技术新型的社会生产组织，，商法正逐步演变成为企业基本法。同时，世界性贸易的兴起，使得贸易规模不断扩大，贸易手段更为多样，贸易管理更为复杂。这些变化不仅促使商法的分支愈来愈细，而且推动了商法的国际统一进程，预示着一个“商法时代”的即将到来。
[Abstract]:In the British legal system , under the influence of commodity economy as the core gene , its history is like a surging river , and its connotation , extension , system , concept , principle and legislative technique , compilation method and so on are constantly changing along with the development and evolution of commodity economy . The commercial law looks like a seamless network , and displays its own infinite charm in the social economy and political life , and becomes a pillar of the British legal mansion and has a great influence on the civilization development of the human society .

The modernization of British commercial law is a process of increasing the content of the rule of law , which is based on the process of its economic and political modernization .

This article briefly expounds the status of modern commercial law , studies the significance of British commercial law modernization process and the research status of this problem at home and abroad .

The text is divided into five parts :

In the Middle Ages , with the development of business and the rise of towns , Britain appeared a full - time businessman stratum , which gradually changed the commercial trade habit into the merchant customary law of their own interests and became the earliest legal source of modern commercial law .

Second , the evolution of merchant law . In the 15th and 16th centuries , with the development of the new route and the development of long - distance commercial trade , Britain entered the capital accumulation period of capitalism .

Third , the common law of merchant law . After the outbreak of the bourgeois revolution , the British businessman law inevitably returns to the common law , but because of the incompleteness of the British revolution , the commercial law after the common law has retained some characteristics of the medieval businessman law , thus avoiding the special law which has become the civil law like France , thus laying the foundation for the direct formation of the outline of modern commercial law .

4 . The establishment of the modern commercial law system . After the industrial revolution , the main capitalist countries entered the industrial era , the rolling stock of the capitalist industry civilization and the colonial plunder of the sweeping globe opened up the world economy trade .

A new era in the UK - centric world trading system . These business changes have led to British commercial law

The requirement of objectivity , universality and accuracy of concept is increasing day by day , the reciprocity of rights is becoming more and more important , commercial affairs

The standardization and integrity of the referee should be improved continuously . At the beginning of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century , there appeared a large number of business documents

On the basis of the line law , the advanced British modern commercial law system was gradually established , which marked the British businessman

The modernization of the law is basically completed .

5 . The perfection of the modern commercial law system . After the establishment of the modern commercial law system , with the development of the times , the day

In the middle and late of the 20th century , the scientific and technological progress of the new moon led to the further improvement of the commercial law system in the interior .

Britain has strengthened the macro - control of the economy , and the economic order has been developed by the free - laid capitalism to the law

Restricted capitalism , these changes naturally permeate into the British commercial structure ,

The perfection of the law of body law and commercial behavior even affects the foundation of all commercial activities

The principle of autonomy .

influence the business owners

the meaning of the same party

The concluding remarks mainly illustrate some of the regularities that appear in the process of the modernization of British commercial law

and believe that in order to meet the objective needs of economic globalization and economic networking ,

A large number of high - tech social production organizations have emerged in the world , including the United Kingdom , and the business law has evolved gradually

It is the basic law of the enterprise . At the same time , the rise of world trade makes the scale of trade expand and trade means more

In a variety of ways , trade management is more complex . These changes not only promote the branching of commercial law , but also promote

The international unification process of commercial law is indicative of the impending arrival of a " era of commercial law " .
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K561;D956.1

【引证文献】