海上保险中的保证制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 05:47

本文选题：海上保险中的保证 + 自动解除原则　；参考：《上海海事大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：海上保险中的保证制度源于英国，该制度创立目的在于控制风险，确保被保险人对保险标的进行妥善管理并且使得原来确定的风险不发生变更。但现在已经与保证制度建立之初的情况大不相同，传统的保证制度已不再满足当前海上保险业的需要。保证作为普通法系国家海上保险法中的一个重要概念，建立在MIA1906和判例法的基础之上，，现在已经广泛应用在吸收MIA1906规定的各国海上保险法中。而大陆法系国家或地区的保险立法中并没有保证这个概念，而是采用其它类似于保证方式加以规定，如“特别约定条款”和“风险变更”制度，其中不少规定与保证制度也存在相似之处。针对传统的保证制度存在的问题各国都采取不同方法加以应对，国际组织CMI也致力于统一海上保险法的工作，但是至今未达成任何统一意见。至于未来的保证制度是会继续存在，还是被其他制度所替代现在还不能过早下定论，但是有一点是肯定的，违反保证的严厉后果肯定会逐步的消除。目前我国《海商法》第235条仅对保证的做出原则性的规定，显然无法解决司法实践中复杂的问题。研究普通法系各国关于保证制度的规定，以及大陆法系国家或地区与保证相关制度，针对我国海上保证制度的缺陷，提出建立保证制度的建议。完善海上保险中的保证制度对于我国海上保险业的发展具有重要意义，一方面可以防止保险人滥用保证，保护被保险人的合法权益，另一方面也确保保险人的合法利益，寻求两者之间的利益平衡点。本文分为五部分。第一部分简要介绍保证制度的概念和理论基础。第二部分就普通法系下各国保证制度从五个方面，即保证的认定、明示保证和默示保证、保证的严格遵守和违反保证的后果以及违反保证后果的缓和方面进行比较研究，找出各国的共同点和不同之处。同时对于大陆法下与保证相关的制度，即“特别约定条款”和“风险变更”制度进行比较研究。第三部分是通过分析传统保证制度存在的问题，以及各国采取具体的改革方法，对于保证制度的未来发展进行预测。第四部分，重点针对我国保证制度存在的缺陷进行分析，从六个方面提出相关立法建议，即提出在我国确立保证制度的必要性；明确保证的定义，但无须区分确认性保证和承诺性保证；保留船舶适航的除外责任规定，无须引入船舶适航的默示保证；引入合法性的默示保证；明
[Abstract]:The guarantee system in marine insurance originates from the United Kingdom, which is established to control risks, ensure proper management of the subject matter of insurance by the insured, and make sure that the risks previously determined do not change. However, it is different from the situation at the beginning of the establishment of the guarantee system, and the traditional guarantee system no longer meets the needs of the current marine insurance industry. As an important concept in the marine insurance law of common law countries, guarantee is based on MIA1906 and case law, and has been widely used in the marine insurance law of various countries absorbed by MIA1906. However, in the insurance legislation of civil law countries or regions, the concept of "guarantee" is not included, but other similar forms of guarantee are adopted, such as "special agreement clause" and "risk change" system. Many of the regulations and guarantee system also have similarities. In view of the problems existing in the traditional guarantee system, various countries adopt different methods to deal with them. CMI, an international organization, is also committed to the work of unifying the marine insurance law, but no unified opinion has been reached so far. As to whether the future guarantee system will continue to exist or be replaced by other systems can not be concluded too early, but one thing is for sure, the severe consequences of breach of warranty will be gradually eliminated. At present, Article 235 of Maritime Law of our country only makes the principle stipulation to guarantee, obviously cannot solve the complex question in the judicial practice. This paper studies the provisions of the guarantee system in the common law system and the relevant systems in the countries or regions of the continental law system, and puts forward some suggestions for the establishment of the guarantee system in view of the defects of the guarantee system at sea in China. Perfecting the guarantee system in marine insurance is of great significance to the development of marine insurance in China. On the one hand, it can prevent the insurer from abusing the guarantee and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the insured, on the other hand, it can also ensure the insurer's legitimate interests. Seek a balance of interests between the two. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part briefly introduces the concept and theoretical basis of guarantee system. The second part makes a comparative study on the guarantee system in the common law system from five aspects, namely, the recognition of the guarantee, the explicit guarantee and the implied guarantee, the consequences of the strict compliance of the guarantee and the breach of the guarantee, and the mitigation of the breach of the guarantee. Find out what countries have in common and what are different. At the same time, this paper makes a comparative study of the relevant systems under continental law, that is, "special agreement clause" and "risk change" system. The third part is to forecast the future development of the guarantee system by analyzing the problems existing in the traditional guarantee system and adopting concrete reform methods. The fourth part focuses on the analysis of the defects of the guarantee system in our country, and puts forward the relevant legislative suggestions from six aspects, that is, the necessity of establishing the guarantee system in our country, the definition of the guarantee, the definition of the guarantee system and the definition of the guarantee system. However, there is no need to distinguish between confirmative warranties and warranties of commitment; excluding liability provisions for the retention of seaworthiness, there is no need to introduce implied warranties of seaworthiness; implied warranties of legality are introduced;
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D912.28;D912.29

【引证文献】