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海上货物运输中承运人适航义务研究

发布时间:2018-05-22 16:46

  本文选题:承运人 + 适航义务 ; 参考:《天津财经大学》2011年硕士论文


【摘要】:船舶适航是海上货物运输承运人的一项基本首要义务,然而由于国际公约和各国法律在规定上的不明确和不统一,长久以来这一问题存在着很多争议。对适航问题应当从历史演变、司法实践等方面进行全面论述,通过援引相关权威判例,吸收国内外的主要研究成果等途径,采用文义解释法、比较解释法结合辩证分析法交叉分析论题,以达到对这一国内外法学焦点问题提出有价值的建议的目的。船舶适航性的概念和历史发展,应介绍各个法典对船舶适航性的概念的规定,结合各法律所属时代的经济社会状况,分析法律的发生、进步和变革历程。承运人适航义务的判断标准及时间界定,应将船舶适航分为客观适航和主观适航,此外,还应描述当船货双方发生船舶适航性纠纷时对船舶适航的举证责任的重新、合理的分配,要对船舶适航义务的时间界定摆明立场,支持“时间段说”和“预定适航主义”。承运人适航义务与免责,应阐述承运人适航义务的重要性及其首要地位,具体分析在几大海运公约中适航义务与免责的关系。承运人适航义务的发展态势,应通过对《ISM规则》、《鹿特丹规则》以及英美判例法对承运人适航义务的影响,展现现代海运规则的发展趋势和进步空间。我国《海商法》的应对措施,应论述在船舶适航标准、责任期间、举证责任分配、借鉴国内外判例等方面作出能够与国际接轨的改进。 通过对船舶适航性和承运人适航义务的细致分析,找出解决分歧的办法,针对我国的具体情况提出诸如重新合理分配船舶适航的举证责任,亦或是应重视国内外司法判例对海商立法的影响,再或是应在船舶运输业的管理和操作方面进行改进等创新建议,以期对我国航海运输事业和《海商法》的完善做出贡献。
[Abstract]:Ship seaworthiness is one of the most important obligations of the carrier in the carriage of goods by sea. However, due to the lack of clarity and unity in the provisions of international conventions and laws of various countries, there have been many disputes on this issue for a long time. The problem of airworthiness should be comprehensively discussed from the aspects of historical evolution and judicial practice. By invoking relevant authoritative precedents and absorbing the main research results at home and abroad, the method of literal interpretation should be adopted. The comparative interpretation method combined with dialectical analysis method is used to analyze the topic in order to put forward valuable suggestions to this domestic and foreign legal focal point. The concept and historical development of ship seaworthiness should introduce the definition of ship seaworthiness in various codes, and analyze the process of law occurrence, progress and reform in the light of the economic and social conditions of the times to which each law belongs. The judgment standard and time definition of carrier's seaworthiness obligation should be divided into objective seaworthiness and subjective seaworthiness. In addition, it should also describe the reproof of the burden of proof of seaworthiness when there is a ship seaworthiness dispute between the ship and the cargo. The reasonable allocation should define the time of the ship's seaworthiness obligation and support the "time period theory" and "scheduled airworthiness doctrine". The importance and primary position of carrier's seaworthiness obligation should be expounded, and the relationship between seaworthiness obligation and exemption in several major maritime conventions should be analyzed in detail. The development trend of carrier's seaworthiness obligation should show the development trend and progressive space of modern maritime transport rules through the influence of ISM rule, Rotterdam rule and Anglo-American case law on carrier's seaworthiness obligation. The countermeasures of China's Maritime Law should be discussed in the aspects of ship seaworthiness standard, liability period, distribution of burden of proof, reference to domestic and foreign precedents, and so on. Through the careful analysis of ship seaworthiness and carrier's seaworthiness obligation, the author finds out the solutions to the differences, and puts forward the burden of proof such as redistributing the ship seaworthiness reasonably according to the specific situation of our country. Or we should pay attention to the influence of domestic and foreign judicial precedents on the maritime business legislation, or we should improve the management and operation of the shipping industry in order to contribute to the improvement of maritime transport industry and maritime law in China.
【学位授予单位】:天津财经大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2011
【分类号】:D996.19

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