拒绝委付法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 15:20

本文选题：拒绝委付 + 明示拒绝　；参考：《大连海事大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：委付是海上保险法中一项独特的内容,从古时发展至今,已逐渐走向成熟,得到普遍的确认和适用,在促进海上运输以及经济贸易往来方面发挥了极为重要的作用。世界上很多国家的相关法律法规均对委付作了规定,但各国的规定各有其特色。同时,很多国家之间相互借鉴委付的法律规定,委付的内容没有统一的标准。英美法系和大陆法系的学者对于委付的认识也大相径庭。很多国家对保险人接受委付后的相关法律问题规定的比较明确,而对保险人拒绝接受委付后的相关法律问题,规定得比较模糊,实践中导致诸多问题。本文以保险人拒绝接受委付为前提,根据我国法律的相关规定,通过对世界各国不同法系相关立法的比较,探讨保险人拒绝委付的相关法律问题,以期对于该问题有一个比较清晰的阐述。本文的第一部分为委付的概述,是本文最基本的理论问题。该部分介绍了委付在中英文不同语言环境下的含义以及海商法中的含义,探讨了委付的构成要件以及委付的效力,即保险人接受委付后所产生的法律后果。第二部分为保险人拒绝委付的表现形式,介绍了保险人以明示的方式拒绝委付和保险人的沉默。重点讨论保险人是否有权保持沉默,保险人沉默的法律后果以及对于“合理时间”和沉默之间关系的解读。第三部分为保险人拒绝接受委付的法律效力,分别介绍保险人拒绝接受委付后保险标的的所有权归属,保险标的上的债权转移以及债务承担。在所有权归属方面分别探讨了保险人在作出部分损失和全部损失赔偿下保险标的的所有权归属,在保险标的上债权转移方面介绍了续运费用请求权的转移和代位求偿权的行使；在保险标的上的债务承担方面介绍了基于合同产生的债务承担和基于侵权产生的债务承担。第四部分提出我国海上保险中委付的相关修改完善建议,讨论了委付相关条款修改的必要性以及对于相关的条款进行建议性地完善,以期全面准确地呈现保险人拒绝接受委付可能出现的相关法律问题,对我国《海商法》中委付的内容进行一定地充实。
[Abstract]:Abandonment is a unique content in marine insurance law. Since ancient times, it has gradually matured and been widely recognized and applied. It has played an extremely important role in promoting maritime transportation and economic and trade exchanges. The relevant laws and regulations of many countries in the world have stipulated the abandonment, but the regulations of each country have their own characteristics. At the same time, many countries refer to each other's legal provisions, the content of the abandonment is not uniform standards. Scholars in Anglo-American law system and civil law system have different views on abandonment. Many countries have more clear provisions on the relevant legal issues after the insurer accepts the abandonment, while the relevant legal issues after the insurer refuses to accept the abandonment are rather vague, leading to many problems in practice. Based on the premise of the insurer's refusal to accept the abandonment, according to the relevant provisions of Chinese law, this paper discusses the relevant legal issues of the insurer's refusal to surrender through the comparison of the relevant legislation of different legal systems in various countries around the world. With a view to this issue has a relatively clear elaboration. The first part of this paper is an overview of the abandonment, which is the most basic theoretical problem of this paper. This part introduces the meaning of abandonment in different English and Chinese language environment and the meaning of maritime law, and discusses the constitutive requirements and the effect of abandonment, that is, the legal consequences of the insurer after accepting the abandonment. The second part is the form of the insurer's refusal to surrender, which introduces the insurer's express refusal to surrender and the insurer's silence. This paper focuses on whether the insurer has the right to remain silent, the legal consequences of the insurer's silence and the interpretation of the relationship between "reasonable time" and silence. The third part is the legal effect of the insurer's refusal to accept the abandonment, respectively introducing the ownership of the subject matter of insurance after the insurer refuses to accept the abandonment, the transfer of creditor's rights on the subject matter of insurance and the commitment of debt. In the aspect of ownership attribution, this paper discusses the ownership of the insured subject matter under partial loss and total loss compensation, and introduces the transfer of claim for continued freight and the exercise of subrogation right in the transfer of creditor's rights on the subject matter of insurance. In the aspect of liability on the subject matter of insurance, the debt commitment based on contract and liability based on infringement is introduced. In the fourth part, the author puts forward some suggestions on the revision and perfection of the relevant terms of marine insurance in China, discusses the necessity of amending the relevant clauses of abandonment, and makes some suggestions to perfect the relevant clauses. The purpose of this paper is to present the relevant legal problems which may arise when the insurer refuses to accept the abandonment, and to enrich the contents of the abandonment in China's Maritime Law to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.294

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