期租合同中租金支付条款的法律地位研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 21:56

本文选题：定期租船 + 租金支付　；参考：《大连海事大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在定期租船合同中,租金支付条款的法律地位往往存在着争议。在英国法下,合同条款被分为条件条款、中间条款与保证条款三类,其主要区别在于非违约方可援引的救济方式不同。长期以来租金支付条款在司法实践中被认定为中间条款,仅在承租人的行为构成毁约的情况下,出租人才可以主张损害赔偿。然而对于毁约并没有一个非常明确的规定,在司法实践中往往需要根据个案的特殊情况加以判断,并没有一个统一的标准。这使得出租人在撤船后请求损害赔偿权利上存在着不确定性。在通常所使用的标准期租合同格式中往往都规定当承租人未能按时支付租金时,出租人有权撤回船舶,这一有关撤船权的约定使租金支付条款具有条件条款的特征——合同一方的违约行为赋予另一方解除合同的权利。但是,对于撤船的约定并不能当然使得租金支付条款成为条件条款,此项约定一般仅被认为是赋予出租人解约的选择权。在The Astra一案中,法官通过分析认定租金支付条款为条件条款,但是在最高法院未作出有拘束力的决定之前,这仍是一个需要讨论的问题。此外,在2015年发布的最新纽约土产格式中,明确了出租人撤船后请求损害赔偿的权利,这一修订表明了航运业的需求。因此,本文专门对租金支付条款的法律地位加以研究,以期对航运及司法实践具有一定的借鉴作用。本文正文包括四部分。第一部分主要介绍了英国合同法下合同条款的历史发展及其分类。通过对英国法下合同条款的发展进行介绍,对条件条款、中间条款、保证条款这三种合同条款的区别加以分析。第二部分主要论述了租金支付条款在英国实践中的相关争议,首先对常用的几个标准期租合同格式中有关租金支付条款加以介绍并进行分析,其次援引司法实践中相关案例对租金支付条款的法律地位及其定位对出租人权利影响进行进一步研究。第三部分主要对影响认定租金支付条款地位的相关要素进行分析。第四部分对我国《海商法》中相关规定进行了解读,并结合《合同法》对有关条款的适用做了进一步论述。
[Abstract]:In term charter party, the legal status of rent payment clause is often disputed. Under English law, contract terms are divided into conditional clauses, intermediate clauses and warranty clauses. The main difference lies in the different remedies invoked by non-defaulting parties. For a long time, the rental payment clause has been regarded as an intermediate clause in judicial practice. Only if the lessee's behavior constitutes a breach of contract, the lessor can claim damages. However, there is not a very clear stipulation on the breach of contract. In judicial practice, it is often necessary to judge according to the special circumstances of the case, and there is not a unified standard. This makes the shipowner's right to claim damages after withdrawal uncertain. In the form of standard charter contracts commonly used, the shipowner has the right to withdraw the ship when the charterer fails to pay the rent on time, This agreement on the right of withdrawal makes the term of rent payment characteristic of a conditional clause-the breach of contract by one of the parties gives the other party the right to terminate the contract. However, the agreement on withdrawal of ships does not, of course, make the term of rent payment a conditional clause, which is generally regarded only as giving the shipowner the option to terminate the contract. In the Astra case, the judge analyzed the rental payment terms as a condition, but this was still an issue to discuss before the Supreme Court made a binding decision. In addition, in the latest New York Native Product format, released in 2015, the shipowner's right to claim damages after withdrawal is clear, a revision that illustrates the shipping industry's needs. Therefore, this article specially studies the legal status of rent payment clause in order to provide some reference for shipping and judicial practice. This text includes four parts. The first part mainly introduces the historical development and classification of contract clauses under British contract law. This paper introduces the development of contract clauses under English law, and analyzes the differences among these three contract clauses: condition clause, intermediate clause and guarantee clause. The second part mainly discusses the related disputes of rent payment clause in British practice. Firstly, it introduces and analyzes the relevant rent payment clauses in several common standard term rental contract formats. Secondly, the legal status of the rental payment clause and its position on the lessor's rights are further studied by citing the relevant cases in the judicial practice. The third part mainly analyzes the related factors that affect the status of rent payment clause. The fourth part interprets the relevant provisions of China's Maritime Law and further discusses the application of the relevant articles in the light of contract Law.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923.6

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