论权利外观主义

发布时间：2018-06-09 05:52

本文选题：外观主义 + 交易安全　；参考：《湘潭大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 外观主义,亦称外观理论,系德国私法学者在本世纪初应社会商品经济发展要求设计的一项法律规则,它系将真实权利人与表见权利人之间的内部法律关系加以掩盖,并以外观事实对外表征,同时为避免在第三人基于信赖外观事实而实施法律行为后第三人之权益受损,在外观事实与该内部法律关系不一致时,肯认善意的第三人所实施的法律行为有效并实现其交易目的,而真实权利人则承担权利受损的不利益。助借于诸多私法学者的观点后,外观主义得到了长足发展。外观主义的内在要素主要包括几个方面:外观事实的存在、本人对外观事实的形成具有可归责性、第三人的合理信赖、表见权利人与善意第三人的法律行为强制有效。基于对法律价值的考量与取舍,外观主义在不同的历史时期具有不同的内在要素,同时对法律关系当事人的损益平衡标准亦有不同的分类。由于“善意”的概念具有高度的抽象性,在司法实践中对外观主义的内核即对第三人善意的判断常具有操作上的不便,但在美国法中,善意制度却运行良好,故而借鉴美国法上对“善意”的界定方法,即“排除器”式的善意定义方式,并结合大陆法系的诚实信用原则来诠释“善意”,使外观主义的内核在司法实践中更具有可操作性。对外观主义适用场域的研究必须建立在对具体法律现象的目的性、逻辑性的整合的基础上,而在社会经济生活中,典型的外观主义适用的场域主要体现在民法上的善意取得制度和表见代理制度、商法上的票据表见制度和股权表见制度中,而对于此的详解将为司法实践提供直接的参考。
[Abstract]:Externalism, also known as the theory of appearance, is a legal rule designed by German private law scholars at the beginning of this century in response to the demand of the development of social commodity economy. It covers up the internal legal relationship between the real right holder and the apparent right holder. And in order to avoid damage to the rights and interests of the third party after the legal act is carried out by the third party on the basis of trusted outward facts, when the external facts are not consistent with the internal legal relationship, The third party who is willing to admit that the legal act carried out by the bona fide third party is effective and achieves the purpose of transaction, while the real right holder bears the unfavorable interests of the damage of the right, and with the help of the views of many private law scholars, the doctrine of appearance has been developed rapidly. The internal elements of outward appearance mainly include several aspects: the existence of the appearance fact, the imputability of the formation of the appearance fact, the reasonable trust of the third party, the compulsory validity of the legal behavior of the obligee and the bona fide third party. Based on the consideration and choice of the legal value, the appearance doctrine has different internal elements in different historical periods, at the same time, it also has different classification to the profit and loss balance standard of the legal relation parties. Because the concept of "good will" is highly abstract, in judicial practice, the kernel of appearance doctrine, that is, the judgment of the third party's good will, is often inconvenient in operation, but in American law, the system of good faith works well. Therefore, drawing lessons from the definition method of "good faith" in American law, that is, "exclusion device", and combining the principle of good faith in the continental law system, it interprets "good faith". So that the core of appearance in judicial practice more operable. The research on the field of application of externalism must be based on the integration of the purpose and logic of the specific legal phenomena, and in the social and economic life, The typical field of appearance doctrine is mainly embodied in the system of bona fide acquisition and apparent agency in civil law, and in the system of negotiable instruments and equity in commercial law, and the detailed explanation of this will provide a direct reference for judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D913

【参考文献】