单位犯罪基本问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-09 19:58

本文选题：单位犯罪 + 基本　；参考：《西南政法大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：一直以来，单位犯罪问题都是我国刑法学界争论较大的焦点之一，本文以“单位犯罪基本问题研究”为题，拟从单位犯罪中最基本的概念研究入手，结合国内外资料和我国司法实践，对单位犯罪的概念、特性进行一一剖析，并以此为铺垫对刑法理论中较少涉及的单位犯罪拟人化研究如单位犯罪是否存在自然人所特有的自首、立功、累犯等相关问题进行探讨问题，力图使本文从基本原理到前沿问题能达到一气呵成之效。但拘于笔者的能力和水平所限，文中肯定不乏有失偏颇、过于简陋之处，，敬请各位老师予以批评、指正。本文分绪论、正文两部分，其中正文部分以“单位犯罪的概念界定”、“单位犯罪特性研究”、“单位犯罪前沿问题探讨”为题，分别对相关问题进行了认真的考察和较为详尽的阐述。绪论部分主要介绍了单位犯罪的渊源和国内外的研究现状，并以此为契机论述了大陆法系国家普遍存在的对单位犯罪予以刑事规制的矛盾境域：一方面，与传统自然人犯罪有本质区别的单位犯罪活动日趋猖獗、愈演愈烈，原有的民事制裁、行政手段难以奏效；另一方面，传统的刑事责任理论与现存的单位犯罪事实之间存在着难以逾越的“鸿沟”，上述各国刑法理论在刑罚功利性与理论传承性之间踯躅徘徊、艰难前行。在“单位犯罪的概念界定”内容中，针对我国现行刑法做出的一般性规定，笔者对目前国内最具代表性的几种观点和学说进行了较为详细的整理和评析，把“谋利性”作为单位犯罪的本质属性，采用综合特征说的结构形式对单位犯罪进行概念表述，形成了自己的单位犯罪概念内涵。在“单位犯罪特性研究”内容中，由于国内相关著述已较为详实，笔者将遵循“发现问题、解决问题”的实用主义原则对单位犯罪主体特性、主观特性、客观特性三方面在司法实践中所遇到的主体范围认定、主观判断、客观表现等具体问题进行了相应论述。其中，单位犯罪的主体范围认定中包括：司法解释中的犯罪主体认定误区、单位内部组织机构和分支机构能否成为单位犯罪主体、国家机关能否成为单位犯罪主体等三个热点问题；在单位犯罪的主观判断中，笔者介绍了单位犯罪故意和过失的意识、意志形态，承认并明确了过失单位犯罪的客观存在，对单位犯罪的谋利性本质与单位过失的不同内涵进行了合理解释；在客观表现中，笔者借鉴了国内外刑法通说，采用直接初退的写作手法，结合上下文，构建了单位犯罪特性研究主客观相互统一、相互融合的框架体系。在“单位犯罪前沿问题”内容中，笔者以上述内容为铺垫、结合民商法中的相关理论，首先对单位犯罪的人格化渊源进行了初始化研究，对“单位(法人)人格，，这一交叉于刑法、民商法的复杂理论进行了根本陛探讨; 其次，针对司法实践中出现的一些新问题、新观点，笔者用较为详实的理论依据对单位犯罪的自首、立功情节予以认可和肯定;最后，在单位犯罪的累犯问题上，笔者基于单位犯罪刑事责任承担的特殊性、累犯概念在现行刑法的确定性以及国内单位犯罪人格化的研究现状等原因，采用了相对保守的观点，否认了单位犯罪累犯的理论依据。
[Abstract]:All the time, the problem of unit crime is one of the major controversies in the field of criminal law in our country. This paper, based on the research on basic problems of unit crime, intends to start with the basic concept of unit crime and combine the data at home and abroad and our judicial practice to analyze the concept and characteristics of unit crime and take it as a paving. The research on the anthropomorphic crime of unit crime, which is less involved in the theory of criminal law, such as the existence of voluntary surrender, meritorious service, and recidivism, such as the existence of a natural person in a unit crime, tries to make this article from the basic principles to the frontiers to achieve a good effect. However, there must be no lack of the limitations of the ability and level of the pen. Biased, too simple, please teachers to criticize, correct.
This article is divided into two parts: the main body of the text is "definition of the concept of unit crime", "Research on the characteristics of unit crime", "Discussion on the frontier of unit crime", and the related issues are carefully examined and elaborated.
The introduction part mainly introduces the origin of unit crime and the status of the research at home and abroad, and discusses the contradiction of the criminal regulation of unit crime in the civil law countries. On the one hand, the unit crime is increasingly rampant and intensified, and the original civil law is becoming more and more serious. On the other hand, there is an insurmountable "gap" between the traditional theory of criminal responsibility and the facts of the existing unit crime. The theory of criminal law of all countries wander and wander between the utilitarianism of penalty and the inheritance of theory.
In the content of "definition of the concept of unit crime", in view of the general provisions of the current criminal law in China, the author makes a detailed arrangement and evaluation of the most representative views and theories in China, and takes "profit" as the essential attribute of the unit crime, and uses the structure form of comprehensive characteristics to commit a unit crime. The concept expression has formed its own concept of unit crime.
In the content of "Research on the characteristics of unit crime", the author will follow the three aspects of the main body, subjective and objective characteristics, subjective judgment and objective performance in the judicial practice, due to the more detailed domestic related writings, and the author will follow the pragmatic principles of "finding problems and solving problems". The subject scope of the unit crime includes: the misunderstanding of the criminal subject in the judicial interpretation, whether the organization and branch of the unit can become the subject of the unit crime, and whether the state organ can become the subject of the unit crime and so on. In the subjective judgment of the unit crime, the author will introduce the three issues. The consciousness of the intentional and negligent crime of the unit crime, the form of will, the objective existence of the crime of negligent unit, and the reasonable explanation of the different connotation of the profit nature of unit crime and the negligence of unit crime are explained, and the author draws lessons from the objective expression.
The criminal law at home and abroad says that the unit crime is constructed by combining the writing method of direct retirement and context.
The characteristic of crime is a systematic framework of integration of subjective and objective.
In the content of "Frontiers of unit crime", the author lays the groundwork for the above contents and combines civil and commercial affairs.
The relevant theories in the law start with the initialization of the personification origin of unit crime.
The personality of the legal person has a fundamental discussion on the complex theory of criminal law and civil and commercial law.
Secondly, in view of some new problems and new viewpoints appearing in judicial practice, I use more detailed principles.
On the basis of the voluntary surrender of the unit crime, the recognition and affirmation of the meritorious service; finally, the unit crime.
On the recidivism problem, based on the particularity of the criminal responsibility of unit crime, the concept of recidivism is in the present.
The reasons for the certainty of the execution law and the research status of personality crime in domestic units are relative.
The conservative viewpoint denies the theoretical basis of recidivism of unit crime.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D924

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