论格式合同的控制

发布时间：2018-06-10 16:22

本文选题：格式合同 + 存在基础　；参考：《湘潭大学》2003年硕士论文

【摘要】： 格式合同的简洁和便利有利于降低交易成本，加速民事流转。提供格式合同的企业可以摆脱纷繁的合同谈判，把更多的精力倾注到企业的经营管理中去。然而格式合同的缺点也是显而易见的，它限制了对方当事人的合同自由。虽然提供格式合同的一方不能强迫对方接受格式条款，但是对方往往除了接受该格式条款之外，没有其它的选择。在这种情况下，，提供格式条款的一方往往会利用其优势地位，在格式合同中设定不合理的条款，侵害相对方的利益。正是基于格式合同的上述特点，各国法律均在承认格式合同，发挥格式合同长处的同时对其予以控制，以克服其弊端。本文主要从立法控制、司法控制、行政控制、社会控制四个方面讨论了对格式合同的控制，其中又以前两个方面作为本文的重点予以讨论。立法控制是指对格式合同的缺陷通过制定相应的法律加以规范的控制手段。立法控制是解决格式合同缺陷的基本途径，也是其它控制途径得以存在的基础。对格式合同的立法控制，主要应考虑两个方面，一是立法体例，二是立法的核心内容。在立法体例上，对格式合同的立法控制应分为一般法的控制和特别法的控制。在关于格式合同的立法核心方面，各国立法都将控制格式合同的缺陷即规制不公平合同条款作为核心。格式合同的司法控制是指通过对格式合同纠纷的处理，消除格式合同中不公平合同条款的影响，维护合同相对人的利益。格式合同的司法控制不同于立法控制，它是通过个案的审理将立法的规定与具体案情相结合解决格式合同缺陷的办法，具有个别性和滞后性等特点。格式合同的行政控制，是指行政机关依照法律规定对格式合同的内容进行规范，对格式合同的使用进行监督检查，从而防止和纠正格式合同不公平条款的活动。它是一种主动控制，行政机关可以依自己的职权直接介入格式合同的制定和使用过程，对格式合同中的不公平条款可以直接要求当事人予以纠正。 WP=16 格式合同的社会控制是指消费者组织以及有关的社会团体等，利用其自身的社会影响以及宣传舆论工具，对格式合同使用人使用格式合同进行的社会监督。它一般通过下列方式进行：一是消费者保护组织等团体积极参与格式合同的拟定；二是协助消费者处理与经营者的格式合同纠纷；三是对经营者利用不公平合同条款损害消费者利益的，提出批评，诉诸舆论宣传工具帮助等。
[Abstract]:The simplicity and convenience of the format contract is helpful to reduce the transaction cost and accelerate the civil circulation. Enterprises providing format contracts can get rid of the numerous contract negotiations and devote more energy to the management of enterprises. However, the drawback of format contract is also obvious, which limits the party's freedom of contract. Although the party providing the format contract cannot force the other party to accept the form clause, the other party often has no choice but to accept the format clause. In this case, the party providing the form clause will often take advantage of its advantage to set unreasonable clauses in the format contract, which will infringe on the interests of the opposite party. It is precisely based on the above characteristics of the format contract, In order to overcome its disadvantages, the laws of all countries recognize the format contract and control it while giving play to the advantages of the format contract. This paper mainly discusses the control of format contract from four aspects: legislative control, judicial control, administrative control and social control. The legislative control refers to the control means of regulating the defects of the format contract by making corresponding laws. Legislative control is the basic way to solve the defects of format contract, and it is also the basis of other control ways. Two aspects should be considered in the legislative control of the format contract, one is the legislative style, the other is the core content of the legislation. In the legislative style, the legislative control of the format contract should be divided into the control of general law and the control of special law. In the core of the legislation on the format contract, the legislation of all countries regards the defects of the control format contract as the core, that is, the regulation of unfair contract clause. The judicial control of the format contract refers to the settlement of the dispute over the format contract. Eliminate the impact of unfair contract terms in the format contract, and protect the interests of the relative party of the contract. The judicial control of the format contract is different from the legislative control. It is a way to solve the defects of the format contract by combining the provisions of the legislation with the specific circumstances of the case, which has the characteristics of individualism and lag, etc. The administrative control of the format contract is based on the administrative control of the format contract. It refers to the activities of administrative organs to standardize the contents of format contracts according to the law and to supervise and inspect the use of format contracts so as to prevent and correct the unfair clauses of format contracts. It is a kind of active control. Administrative organs can directly intervene in the formulation and use of format contracts according to their own authority. The social control of the WP16 format contract refers to consumer organizations and relevant social organizations, using their own social influence and propaganda tools. Social supervision of the use of the format contract by the user of the format contract. It is generally carried out through the following ways: first, consumer protection organizations and other organizations actively participate in the formulation of format contracts; Third, the operators use unfair contract terms to harm the interests of consumers, criticism, resort to publicity tools to help.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：D913

【引证文献】