上海市知识服务业发展研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 00:28

本文选题：上海市 + 知识服务业　；参考：《复旦大学》2007年博士论文

【摘要】： 知识服务业已经成为当前新经济的增长点，并渗透到经济和社会的各个领域，知识服务业的发展关系到一个国家或地区的经济发展机会及其国际竞争力，推动着整个社会的进步，这是有目共睹的。但与此同时，我们也在思考一个问题，作为中国经济最发达的城市上海，这个城市知识服务业的发展情况如何，进一步地，与国外发达的城市，尤其是与纽约市相比，上海市知识服务发展的差距和优势在哪里? 接下来，我们试图了解一个更有意思的问题，为什么这些知识密集型服务业都不约而同地汇集在国际大都市呢?知识服务业在我国是否也是集中在一个或几个大都市呢?如果是，那原因是什么?更深入一步的话，知识服务业在一个都市的内部空间是如何布局呢? 本论文在全球化、信息化背景下研究上海市知识服务业的发展以及空间布局，力求回答上述问题。因此，本论文聚焦的两大主题：其一研究上海市知识服务业的发展状况；其二研究上海市知识服务业的布局情况。论文共分十一章，第一章为引言，第二、三章在对国内外与知识服务业相关的文献进行归纳和梳理的基础上，对知识服务业涵义、特点和研究范畴进行了界定和描述。第四、五、六三章主要围绕知识服务业的发展状况进行研究。第四章介绍我国知识服务业的发展状况，首先构建了知识服务业发展评价指标体系，评价指标体系分为两个层次、五大类别24个分指标，两个层次分别为知识服务业显示性指标体系和知识服务业解释性指标体系，，五大类别分别为知识服务业显示性综合竞争力、发展力、创新力、基础设施力、开放力，其中后四类属于知识服务业解释性指标，其次用主成分分析方法对我国各地区知识服务业的发展现状进行排序；第五章根据上海市第一次经济统计年鉴和上海市统计局的资料，在对上海市发展知识服务业的必要性和潜力分析的基础上，对上海市知识服务业的发展情况进行分析。接着分析纽约市产业结构，在NAICS产业分类系统下，利用大量的美国统计局数据，从各年份分别对纽约市各产业的就业人数、从业人员总收入和人均年收入进行分析，得出卫生保健、金融保险、信息、专业、科学与技术服务这几个产业无论是从就业人数的绝对值、相对值，还是从总收入、年人均收入这几个方面来说，相对于其他产业都是位于前列的并保持着稳步上升的趋势。第六章通过与纽约市知识服务业的对比，得出一些结论。从总体规模上来说，上海市知识服务业900亿人民币的规模比纽约市1700亿美元要小的多，上海知识服务业增加值的总量约为纽约的1／16。就单单把上海市知识服务业的增加值900亿元和纽约市知识服务业的从业人员收入833亿美元相比，上海市的知识服务业也仅仅是纽约市的八分之一而已。结论为上海市知识服务业与纽约市知识服务业还有很大的差距。结合与纽约市的对比，以及上海市本身具有的优势，提出上海市知识服务业中最具潜力的产业是健康服务业。第八、九章针对知识服务业的影响因素和布局情况进行研究。第八章侧重于理论部分的研究，首先通过研究国外相关学者不同观点的基础上，整理出信息技术对知识服务业的影响；接下来，分三个层面对影响知识服务业集聚的因素进行考察，即行业本身的特殊属性、城市土地利用和产业布局的一般性规律、外部性等；第九章侧重于理论部分的研究，首先依据全国第一次经济普查中的相关数据，利用线性回归方法对影响我国知识服务业的因素进行计算，得出地区经济发展水平、创新环境和人力资本情况对知识服务业有正向显著的影响。在研究上海市知识服务业的分布情况时，把知识服务业分成三类来讨论。结论是上海市知识服务业作为一个整体是以集中布局为主，但由于受到市场、公司规模的大小以及每个产业部门属性的限制，一些规模较小或是分支机构知识服务业分散在城市的城区，但无论是集中还是分散基本上都在城区，没有出现大面积扩散到郊区的现象。接下来笔者分别就三类知识服务业的分布情况进行研究。第十、十一章分别针对上海知识服务业的发展提出对策建议以及就全文进行总结。本论文的创新分四个部分，分别表现在指标体系的构建、研究方法、使用数据和理论研究上。在指标体系的构建上，首先构建了全国知识服务业发展评价指标体系，评价指标体系分为两个层次、五大类别24个分指标，两个层次分别为为知识服务业显示性指标体系和知识服务业解释性指标体系，五大类别分别为知识服务业显示性综合竞争力、发展力、创新力、基础设施力、开放力，其中后四类属于知识服务业解释性指标。其次，在深入研究了上海市知识服务业的动态变化并在此基础上进行了国际比较，在借鉴美国产业分类的演变思路并结合知识服务业特征的基础上，我们在国内第一次完整地提出知识服务业的统计指标体系。从层级上，我们根据知识服务业的特征并结合指标体系设计原则将知识服务业指标分成三大板块、八大一级产业，一级产业下分别设置二级产业和三级产业，其中三级产业分别对应着国家产业指标(2002年版本)中的四位代码和美国产业分类的六位代码，这不仅为上海市统计局将来对知识服务业开展统计工作奠定了扎实的应用和操作基础，而且对与纽约市知识服务业进行对比打下了良好的基础。在方法上，首次对知识服务业运用主成分分析法在全国进行了排名；在对影响知识服务业发展的因素分析中，利用SPSS和EViews等软件运用逐步线性回归法对影响我国知识服务业的因素进行了分析，并对其统计结果进行了多重共线性和异方差的诊断，得出影响知识服务业的几大因素；运用区位商法对全国以及上海市服务业的布局情况进行了分析。在数据上，利用2006年10月新近出版的全国第一次经济普查数据和上海市2006年11月出版的上海市第一次普查数据对全国和上海市知识服务业的发展和布局情况进行实证分析，与此同时，还利用了美国统计局等国外网站上北美产业分类指标体系(NAICS)和纽约市最新的数据，这使得本论文在分析过程中有大量的数据做支撑，其结论更加有力度。在理论上，研究知识服务业布局的影响因素具有创新性，因为以往对空间布局的研究均针对制造业，主要影响因素是运输费用，但知识服务业受运输费用的影响几乎为零，在研究信息技术对知识服务业的布局影响时，发现信息技术并没有使知识服务业更加分散，相反，它是面对面交流的一个补充。在研究知识服务业聚集的成因时，分三个层面对影响知识服务业集聚的因素进行考察，即行业本身的特殊属性、城市土地利用和产业布局的一般性规律以及外部性等。最后，从现实意义上看，目前国内外对某一个城市知识服务业的发展情况和空间布局的研究并不多见，根据纽约市知识服务业发展情况，与上海市知识服务业发展情况进行比较，并对知识服务业的分布，特别是知识服务业内部各个子部门的分布情况予以不同的考量和分析，这对上海市知识服务业的发展有着借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:The knowledge service industry has become the growth point of the current new economy, and permeates all fields of economy and society. The development of knowledge service industry is related to the economic development opportunities and international competitiveness of a country or region, and promote the progress of the whole society. At the same time, we are also thinking about a problem. What are the gaps and advantages of the development of knowledge service in Shanghai, Shanghai, the most developed city in China, the development of the city's knowledge service industry, and further, compared with the developed foreign cities, especially in New York.
Then, we try to find out a more interesting question, why do these knowledge intensive services come together in an international metropolis? Is the knowledge service industry concentrated in one or several big cities in our country? If so, what is the reason? In depth, the knowledge service industry is in a city. What is the layout of the interior space?
This paper studies the development and spatial distribution of knowledge service industry in Shanghai under the background of globalization and information technology, and tries to answer the above questions. Therefore, the two main themes of this thesis are: one to study the development of knowledge service industry in Shanghai, and the second to study the layout of the knowledge service industry in Shanghai.
The thesis is divided into eleven chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. The second, third chapter defines and describes the meaning, characteristics and research category of the knowledge service industry on the basis of summarizing and combing the literature related to the knowledge service industry both at home and abroad.
The fourth, fifth, the 63 chapter mainly focuses on the development of the knowledge service industry. The fourth chapter introduces the development of the knowledge service industry in China. First, it constructs the evaluation index system of the knowledge service industry development, and the evaluation index system is divided into two levels, five categories and 24 indexes, and the two levels are the display indexes of the knowledge service industry respectively. The interpretative index system of the system and the knowledge service industry, the five categories are the comprehensive competitiveness of the knowledge service industry, the development force, the innovation force, the infrastructure power and the open power, among which the four categories belong to the interpretative index of the knowledge service industry. Secondly, the development status of the knowledge service industry in various regions of China is sorted by the principal component analysis method. The fifth chapter, based on the data of the first economic statistics yearbook of Shanghai and the Statistics Bureau of Shanghai, analyses the development of the knowledge service industry in Shanghai on the basis of the analysis of the necessity and potential of the development of the knowledge service industry in Shanghai, and then analyzes the industrial structure of New York, and uses a large number of America under the NAICS industry classification system. According to the data of the Statistics Bureau, from each year to the analysis of the number of employment, the total income of the employees and the annual income per capita in New York, we can conclude that health care, financial insurance, information, professional, scientific and technical services, whether from the absolute value of the number of employment, relative value, or from the total income, and the annual per capita income Compared with the New York knowledge service industry, the sixth chapter draws some conclusions. From the overall scale, the scale of the 90 billion RMB in the knowledge service industry of Shanghai is much smaller than that of the New York city of 170 billion, and the value added value of the Shanghai knowledge service industry is added. The total amount is about 1 / 16. of New York. Compared with the increase value of Shanghai knowledge service industry by 90 billion yuan and the employees' income of 83 billion 300 million US dollars in New York knowledge service industry, the knowledge service industry of Shanghai is only 1/8 of New York city. The conclusion is that the knowledge service industry of Shanghai and the knowledge service industry of New York are still very big. Combined with the comparison with New York, and the advantages of Shanghai itself, the most potential industry in Shanghai's knowledge service industry is the health service industry.
The eighth, ninth chapter studies the influence factors and the layout of the knowledge service industry. The eighth chapter focuses on the research of the theoretical part. First, the influence of information technology on the knowledge service industry is sorted out on the basis of studying the different views of foreign related scholars. Then, the factors affecting the knowledge service industry cluster are divided into three layers. This is the special property of the industry itself, the general rule and externality of urban land use and industrial layout, and the ninth chapter focuses on the research of the theoretical part. Firstly, according to the relevant data in the first national economic census, the factors that affect the knowledge and knowledge service industry in China are calculated by linear regression method, and the regional economy is obtained. The development level, the innovation environment and the human capital have a positive impact on the knowledge service industry. In the study of the distribution of the knowledge service industry in Shanghai, the knowledge service industry is divided into three categories. The conclusion is that the knowledge service industry in Shanghai is mainly focused on the centralized layout, but the size of the company is large because of the market. The small scale and the restriction of the property of each industrial sector, some small scale or the branches of knowledge services are scattered in the urban area, but whether the concentration or dispersion is basically in the urban area, there is no large area spread to the suburb. Then the author studies the distribution of the three types of knowledge services.
The tenth, eleventh chapter puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the development of Shanghai's knowledge service industry and summarizes the full text.
The innovation of this paper is divided into four parts, namely, the construction of index system, research methods, data and theoretical research.
On the basis of the construction of the index system, the national knowledge service industry development evaluation index system is first constructed. The evaluation index system is divided into two levels, five categories and 24 sub indexes, and the two levels are respectively the display index system of knowledge service industry and the interpretative index system of knowledge service industry, and the five categories are the display of the knowledge service industry respectively. Comprehensive competitiveness, development power, innovation power, infrastructure capability and opening force, the latter four belong to the explanatory index of knowledge service industry.
Secondly, the dynamic changes in the knowledge service industry in Shanghai are deeply studied and the international comparison is carried out on this basis. On the basis of the evolution thought of the American Industrial Classification and the characteristics of the knowledge service industry, we have put forward the system of the integration of knowledge service for the first time in China. The characteristics of the business industry and the design principle of the index system divide the knowledge service industry index into three major sectors, the eighth and the first class industries, and the two level industry and the three level industry under the first class industry, of which the three level industry corresponds to the four code of the national industrial index (2002 Edition) and the six code of the American industry classification, which is not only In the future, the Shanghai Bureau of statistics has laid a solid foundation for the application and operation of the knowledge service industry in the future, and has laid a good foundation for the comparison with the knowledge service industry in New York.
In the method, the principal component analysis is used in the knowledge service industry for the first time in the country. In the analysis of the factors affecting the development of knowledge service industry, the factors affecting the knowledge service industry in China are analyzed by using SPSS and EViews software, and the multiple collinearity of the statistical results is carried out. The diagnosis of heteroscedasticity leads to several factors that affect the knowledge service industry. The location business method is used to analyze the layout of the service industry in the whole country and Shanghai.
On the data, using the newly published national first economic census data in October 2006 and the Shanghai first census published in Shanghai in Shanghai in November 2006, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the development and layout of the knowledge service industry of the whole country and Shanghai, and at the same time uses the United States Statistics Bureau and other foreign websites on the North American industrial classification. The index system (NAICS) and the latest data in New York, which makes the paper support a lot of data in the analysis process, and its conclusion is more vigorous.
In theory, the research on the influence factors of the distribution of knowledge service industry is innovative, because the previous research on spatial distribution is aimed at the manufacturing industry, the main influencing factor is the transportation cost, but the influence of the knowledge service industry is almost zero. On the contrary, it is a supplement to the face-to-face communication. In the study of the causes of the accumulation of knowledge services, the factors that affect the agglomeration of knowledge service industry are investigated in three layers, namely, the special properties of the industry itself, the general rule and externality of the layout of urban land use and production.
Finally, from the realistic point of view, the research on the development and spatial distribution of knowledge service industry at home and abroad is not much. According to the development of New York knowledge service industry, it is compared with the development of knowledge service industry in Shanghai, and the distribution of knowledge service industry, especially in the inner parts of the knowledge service industry. The distribution of doors is considered and analyzed in different ways, which has a reference for the development of knowledge service industry in Shanghai.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：F719

【引证文献】