无单放货中承运人追偿权研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 00:37

本文选题：承运人 + 追偿权　；参考：《复旦大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：提单是一种用以证明海上货物运输和货物己由承运人接管或者装船,以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。提单证明货运合同及物权凭证的功能决定了承运人应该凭借正本提单实施放货行为。然而,由于种种原因,在海运实务中无单放货的现象却屡屡发生,给承运人及买卖双方都带来了巨大的损失。在海运实务中实际承运人承担了无单放货责任后再向相关责任方追偿的情形很少,所以在本文中主要讨论的承运人是指签约承运人,而非实际承运人。在无单放货中,承运人由于其法律地位的特殊性往往成为正本提单持有人的第一索赔对象,承运人承担了较多的赔偿责任,而这些赔偿责任本应该由真正的无单放货责任方承担。无单放货已经成为承运人在目的港交付货物时所面临的主要难题之一。没有无权利的义务,也没有无义务的权利。承运人在承担了向正本提单持有人的赔偿责任后,其理应有权利向相关的责任方追偿。“追偿权”狭义上来讲,其主要意思是一个相对债务人履行了特定债务之后依法向另一个债务人追偿的权利。本文认为承运人追偿权的行使对象包括无单提货人、实际承运人、承运人的代理人、港口经营人、保函出具人,并且本文着力分析了承运人与追偿权行使对象之间的诉因。本文亦对追偿权的诉讼时效期间进行分析,本文认为诉讼时效期间应该以相关当事方之间的法律关系进行确定。如果二者之间是海上货物运输关系,那么应该适用《海商法》关于诉讼时效期间的规定；如果二者之间是侵权或者普通的合同法律关系,应该适用侵权法或合同法中关于诉讼时效期间的规定,应该具体问题具体分析。
[Abstract]:A bill of lading is a document certifying that the carriage of goods by sea and the carriage of the goods have been taken over or shipped by the carrier, and that the carrier guarantees the delivery of the goods. The function of the bill of lading to prove the freight contract and the document of rem determines that the carrier should carry out the delivery act by virtue of the original bill of lading. However, due to various reasons, the phenomenon of delivery of goods without documentary in shipping practice often occurs, which brings huge losses to both the carrier and the buyer and seller. There are few cases in which the actual carrier assumes the liability of delivery without a bill of lading and then recovers from the relevant parties, so the carrier discussed in this paper mainly refers to the contracted carrier, not the actual carrier. Because of the particularity of its legal status, the carrier often becomes the first claim object of the holder of the original bill of lading in the delivery of goods without bill of lading, and the carrier bears more liability for compensation. These liabilities should have been borne by the true undocumented delivery party. Non-bill delivery has become one of the main problems faced by the carrier when delivering goods at the port of destination. There are no obligations without rights, and no rights without obligations. The carrier should have the right to recover from the responsible party after assuming the liability to the holder of the original bill of lading. In a narrow sense, "right of recourse" means a right to recover from another debtor in accordance with the law after the debtor has fulfilled a specific debt. This paper holds that the objects of the carrier's right of recourse include the actual carrier, the carrier's agent, the port operator, the issuer of the guarantee, and the cause of action between the carrier and the object of the exercise of the right of recourse. This paper also analyzes the limitation period of the right of recourse, which should be determined by the legal relationship between the relevant parties. If the relationship between the two is the carriage of goods by sea, then the provisions of the Maritime Law concerning the limitation period of action shall apply; if the relationship between the two is an infringement or an ordinary contractual legal relationship, The provisions of tort law or contract law on the limitation period should be applied, and the specific problems should be analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.294

【参考文献】