追溯保险相关法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 02:30

本文选题：倒签保单 + 保险责任期间　；参考：《上海海事大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 海上货物运输保险是国际贸易体系中不可或缺的环节。近年来,由于国内保险市场的激烈竞争和进出口贸易中海上货物运输的需要,在海上货物运输保险实务中存在着大量倒签保单的现象,而倒签保单将导致保险人的保险责任期间扩大至保险合同成立之前,这就构成了追溯保险。关于追溯保险的效力,即对于保险合同成立前发生保险事故造成的损失,保险人是否应当承担赔偿责任的问题,在保险人与被保险人之间常常有争议,甚至对簿公堂。在学术届和司法实践中,关于追溯保险是否有效的问题,也是存在争议的。为了统一法院的裁判尺度,最高人民法院在2006年11月13日通过的《关于审理海上保险纠纷案件若干问题的规定》,以司法解释的形式明确规定了追溯保险的效力。然而在我国《保险法》和《海商法》中还没有追溯保险的相关规定,因此有学者建议在修改《海商法》时增加保险溯及力的规定。鉴于上述情形,笔者在本文中结合英国《1906年海上保险法》的相关规定、其他国家或地区的相关法律规定以及我国法律的相关规定,试图探讨追溯保险及其效力问题,并研究与追溯保险密切相关的两个法律问题:被保险人的告知义务和海上预约保险合同,以及追溯保险与被保险人告知义务的关系和追溯保险与海上预约保险合同的关系,最后提出对我国《海商法》相关法律条文的修改意见。本文的主体结构分为四章: 第一章为追溯保险概述,探讨追溯保险产生的原因,了解追溯保险的大致情况。本章从海上保险合同入手,通过分析海上保险期间和倒签保单现象,最后总结出追溯保险的定义。第二章是本文的重点,主要讨论追溯保险的效力。本章首先研究对海上保险合同效力具有决定意义的海上保险利益问题,继而分别探讨在英国法和中国法下追溯保险的效力问题。第三章和第四章则分别讨论了与追溯保险密切相关的两个法律问题:被保险人的告知义务和海上预约保险合同,并分析了追溯保险与二者的关系问题。最后笔者在结束语中建议:在今后《海商法》的修改中应增加追溯保险的相关规定,并完善预约保险合同的相关规定,以适应我国海上货物运输保险和国际贸易的需要。
[Abstract]:The insurance of carriage of goods by sea is an indispensable link in the international trading system. In recent years, due to the fierce competition in the domestic insurance market and the need for the carriage of goods by sea in the import and export trade, there is a large number of reverse insurance policies in the practice of marine cargo transport insurance. The reverse insurance policy will result in the insurer's liability period to be extended until the insurance contract is established, which constitutes retroactive insurance. As to the effect of retroactive insurance, that is, whether the insurer should bear the liability of compensation for the loss caused by the insurance accident before the establishment of the insurance contract, there is often a dispute between the insurer and the insured, and even a case is brought to court. In academic and judicial practice, there is also controversy about the effectiveness of retroactive insurance. In order to unify the judgment criterion of the court, on November 13, 2006, the Supreme people's Court adopted the "regulations on the trial of some problems in Marine Insurance disputes", which clearly stipulated the effect of retroactive insurance in the form of judicial interpretation. However, there are no relevant provisions on retroactive insurance in China's Insurance Law and Maritime Law, so some scholars have suggested that the retroactive effect of insurance should be added to the amendment of Maritime Law. In view of the above situation, the author tries to discuss the retroactive insurance and its validity in the light of the relevant provisions of the British Maritime Insurance Law of 1906, the relevant legal provisions of other countries or regions and the relevant provisions of Chinese law. This paper also studies two legal issues closely related to retroactive insurance: the insured's obligation to inform and the contract of marine reservation insurance, and the relationship between retroactive insurance and the obligation of notification of the insured and the relationship between retroactive insurance and the contract of marine reservation insurance. In the end, the author puts forward some suggestions on the amendment of the relevant legal provisions of Maritime Law of our country. The main structure of this paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter is an overview of retroactive insurance, to explore the causes of retroactive insurance, to understand the general situation of retroactive insurance. This chapter starts with the marine insurance contract, through the analysis of the marine insurance period and the reverse policy phenomenon, finally summarizes the definition of retroactive insurance. The second chapter is the focus of this paper, mainly discusses the effectiveness of traceability insurance. This chapter first studies the interest of marine insurance which is of decisive significance to the validity of marine insurance contracts, and then discusses the effectiveness of retroactive insurance under English law and Chinese law respectively. The third and fourth chapters discuss two legal issues closely related to retroactive insurance: the insured's obligation to inform and the contract of marine appointment insurance, and analyze the relationship between retroactive insurance and the two. In conclusion, the author suggests that the relevant provisions of retroactive insurance should be added to the revision of Maritime Law in the future, and the relevant provisions of the contract of advance insurance should be improved to meet the needs of China's marine cargo insurance and international trade.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D922.284

【引证文献】