民事规则与交易安全

发布时间：2018-06-13 05:13

本文选题：民事 + 规则　；参考：《华东政法学院》2002年硕士论文

【摘要】：近世以来,社会关系日趋复杂,人与人接触增多,工商企业发达,交易频繁,法律的中心观念,已由权利本位,转为社会本位,在衡量民事主体各方利益的过程中,需充分考虑交易安全这一民法价值。民法是私法。它提倡私法自治,奉行当事人意思自由。在民法的领域,当事人基于平等的法律地位,自由协商确定彼此间的权利和义务;只有在发生纠纷不能以协商解决时,才由国家的司法机关以仲裁者身份介入,对当事人的纠纷予以裁判。在民法的理念里,法律是人民的意志,国家只行使人民授予的权利,担负人民赋予的职能。法律的基本价值是秩序、自由、正义和效益。笔者认为民法的基本价值是秩序(交易安全)、自由、公正(平等)和效益(率)。民法的基本作用在于利益衡量,利益衡量的必要性及原因在于不同利益之间发生冲突的必然性,而公正与秩序的发生冲突的原因则正是在于相互对抗的两种利益中,一种利益为公正的载体,而另一种利益则是秩序的载体。在以权利为基础所建立的 WP=3 正义与市民社会整体利益为基础建立的整体秩序一旦发生冲突时,民法所做的,是舍弃公正而保护秩序。英国著名法律家霍布斯有这样一句不朽的法律格言“人的安全乃是至高无上的法律”。它充分说明了安全作为法律基础性价值之一的重要地位,即有助于使人们享有诸如生命、财产、自由、和平等等其他价值的状况稳定化并尽可能地维续下去。民商法主要调整平等主体之间的财产关系,必然以实现财产安全为己任和价值追求;特别是在商品交换频繁发生、交易规模不断扩大、流转速度日趋快捷的现代经济生活中,必然以确保财产在生产流通过程中形成良性的归属与利用秩序为重任。在现代民法上,我们可以感觉到以交易安全及其他有关价值为代表的秩序地位的不断上升,感觉到民法关注点的某种变化趋势,感觉到民法在其对公平正义价值的追求过程中,越来越多地受到社会整体利益的制约、支配和控制。我国民商法起步较晚,且长期以来注重对动产静态权属关系的确认和静的安全的保护,未能反映现代市场经济中交易频繁、活泼、迅速的特点,未能顺应世界范围内民商法由静到动的发展洪流,在交易安全的保护上呈现出滞后性。较其他各国的立法来看,我国目前的立法偏于简单、系统性差。我国现行的民法尚未建立起现代民法保护交易安全的规则体系。在整个法律体系中还存在不少背离交易安全精神的规范。笔者认为在民法的制度层面,应完善以下规则: 法律行为(意思表示)中的表示主义、公示主义、表见代理、保护清偿人交易安全、对债权人撤销权的限制和特殊法律行为无因性。
[Abstract]:In modern times, social relations are becoming more and more complicated, people contact more and more people, industrial and commercial enterprises are developed, transactions are frequent, the central concept of law has changed from right standard to social standard, and in the process of measuring the interests of all parties in civil affairs, The civil law value of transaction security should be fully considered. Civil law is private law. It advocates the autonomy of private law and pursues the freedom of meaning of the parties. In the field of civil law, the parties are free to negotiate and determine the rights and obligations of each other on the basis of equal legal status; only when disputes cannot be resolved through consultation can the judicial organs of the country intervene as arbitrators. Adjudicate the dispute between the parties. In the concept of civil law, the law is the will of the people. The basic values of law are order, freedom, justice and efficiency. The author thinks that the basic value of civil law is order (transaction security, freedom, justice (equality) and efficiency. The basic function of civil law lies in the measurement of interests, the necessity and reason of interest measurement lies in the inevitability of conflict between different interests, and the reason of conflict between justice and order lies precisely in the two kinds of interests that confront each other. One interest is the carrier of justice, while the other is the carrier of order. WP3 Justice and Citizen based on Rights In the event of a conflict in the overall order established on the basis of the interests of the whole of society, What civil law does is to abandon justice and protect order. Hobbes, the famous English lawmaker, has such an immortal legal maxim, "Human security is the supreme law." It fully illustrates the important position of security as one of the fundamental values of law, that is, it helps people to enjoy the status of life, property, freedom, peace and other values to stabilize and continue as far as possible. The civil and commercial law mainly adjusts the property relations between the equal subjects, and must take the realization of property security as its own duty and value pursuit; especially in the modern economic life, in which the exchange of goods occurs frequently, the scale of transaction expands constantly, and the speed of circulation becomes faster and faster. To ensure that property in the production and circulation of the formation of a benign order of ownership and utilization for the important task. In modern civil law, we can feel the rising status of order represented by transaction security and other related values, the changing trend of civil law's concern, and the civil law's pursuit of fair and just value. More and more by the overall interests of society constraints, domination and control. The civil and commercial law of our country starts relatively late, and for a long time pays attention to the confirmation of the static ownership relationship of movable property and the protection of the static security, and fails to reflect the characteristics of frequent, lively and rapid transactions in the modern market economy. The failure to comply with the development of civil and commercial law in the world from static to dynamic shows lag in the protection of transaction security. Compared with the legislation of other countries, our current legislation is relatively simple and systematic. China's current civil law has not yet established the modern civil law to protect transaction security rules. In the whole legal system, there are still many norms which deviate from the spirit of transaction security. The author thinks that in the system of civil law, the following rules should be perfected: expressionism, publicism, apparent agency in legal act (expression of will). Protection of liquidator's transaction safety, restriction on creditor's right of rescission and special legal act without cause.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：D913

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