论海事关系的法律适用

发布时间：2018-06-13 20:33

本文选题：海事 + 关系　；参考：《吉林大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：如果要对一个研究课题有纵深的了解，对其进行历史沿革上的考察是极其必要的，因此，本文第一部分在对海事冲突法的起源及演进进行叙述的基础上，指出了海事冲突法法律适用的发展趋向。由于海上运输是含有跨国因素的活动，而现代各国的海商法却是各国的国内法，所以，各国海商法的冲突不可避免。为了解决法律冲突这一矛盾，各国纷纷致力于从缔结国际条约和制定修改国内法这两个方面来统一各国的海商法。海事冲突法从同一到多元,又从多元趋向同一的发展过程与国际私法趋同化的国际背景有着密不可分的联系。有关国家通过双边或多边国际条约的方式制定统一的实体法，以直接规定涉外民事关系当事人的权利义务关系，从而避免或消除法律冲突。用统一实体法来解决海事法律冲突虽然是一种趋势,但是这种方法有其无法克服的局限性，所以海事冲突法的发展并不因此而限于停滞,相反，用冲突规范的间接调整方法在解决海事法律冲突方面仍将起重要的作用，所以，统一实体法不能取代冲突规范在调整海事法律关系方面的重要作用。海事冲突法的法律适用,是指从不同国家的法律中选择一种法律,来调整涉外海事交往中当事人之间的相互关系。海事冲突法所调整的法律关系主要是围绕船舶关系和运输关系衍生出的一系列性质各异、复杂多变的法律关系,因此 ,调整这类法律关系的法律适用就有其不同于一般国际私法中法律适用的特点。本文的第二部分首先对海事冲突法律适用中国际公约数量众多、国际惯例作用重大、强调“国际条约优先”、船旗国法冲突原则突出、传统冲突规范滞后这五个特点作了简明扼要的论述。任何法律制度都有其发生效用的适用范围，海事冲突法自然也不例外。海事法律几乎贯穿于其他部门法的所有领域，因此，，对海事冲突法的主要适用范围加以概述就显得十分必要。本文的正是出于这样的考虑，从包含船舶所有权、船舶抵押权、船舶优先权在内的船舶物权、海上货物运输合同、船舶碰撞、海难救助、共同海损、海事赔偿责任限制这六个方面对海事冲突法的主要适用范围进行了界定。在长期的海事司法实践中，形成了一系列的解决海事法律冲突的法律适用原则，这些原则有的被纳入国际条约中，有的通过国内立法表现出来，对解决海事法律冲突起着重要的作用。本文的第三部分首先对船旗国法、意思自治与“最密切联系原则”、法院地法、侵权行为地法、理算地法律这五个海事冲突法的法律适用原则作了比较详尽的论述，并在此基础上对每一个法律适用原则具体解决哪些海事法律冲突以及主要在哪些实际方面适用进行了详细的论述。本文的重点是最后对完善我国现行海商法的法律适用提出的构想。我国的海商法汲取了国外的先进经验，在立法中体现了国际通行的法律适用原则。但是海事冲突法的冲突规范相对与其他冲突规范理论滞后，所以在法律规定和实际应用中存在着许多不足，这些不足在船旗国法和“最密切联系原则” 的适用上更是显露无遗。通过对现行制度的反思，笔者建议采用“真正联系”的原则对船旗国法的例外条款加以规定以及采用“合同要素分析法”来具体运用“最密切联系原则”，完善现行的法律适用方法。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the conflict of legal conflict , the conflict between maritime law and maritime law is inevitable . In order to solve the conflict of legal conflict , the conflict between maritime law and maritime law is inevitable . In order to solve the conflict of legal conflict , the conflict of maritime law is inevitable . In order to solve the conflict of legal conflict , the development of maritime conflict law is not limited to stagnation . In contrast , the indirect adjustment method of conflict norm will play an important role in solving the maritime law conflict . Therefore , the unified substantive law cannot replace the important role of conflict norm in regulating maritime law relations .

The legal application of maritime conflict law refers to the choice of a law from the laws of different countries to adjust the relationship between the parties involved in maritime affairs . The second part of this paper first discusses the international conventions in the application of the maritime conflict law and the international practice , emphasizes the five characteristics of the " international treaty priority " , the conflict principle of flag State law and the lag of traditional conflict norms .

There is no exception to any legal system , and the maritime conflict law is not the exception . The maritime law extends almost all the fields of other department law . Therefore , it is necessary to outline the main application scope of maritime conflict law . This paper is based on the consideration of the definition of the main application scope of maritime conflict law from six aspects including ship ownership , ship mortgage right , ship priority , maritime salvage , common sea loss and maritime claim limitation .

In the long - term maritime judicial practice , a series of laws applicable to the settlement of maritime law conflicts have been formed . These principles have been incorporated into international treaties . Some of these principles play an important role in the settlement of maritime legal conflicts . The third part of this paper is to discuss the principles of the legal application of the five maritime laws of maritime conflict , which are the most closely related principles , the law of the court , the law of tort , and the law .

The emphasis of this paper is to put forward the idea of perfecting the law application of current maritime law in our country . The maritime law of our country has drawn the advanced experience abroad , which embodies the principle of international law application in legislation . However , there are many deficiencies in the application of flag State law and " the most close relation principle " .
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D99

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