OHADA公路货物运输统一法及对中国的启示

发布时间：2018-06-14 17:57

本文选题：OHADA + 公路货物运输统一法　；参考：《湘潭大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着中非合作论坛北京峰会的结束,我国与非洲各国的经济交往越来越频繁,如何加深对非洲各国法律制度的理解,以便在经济活动中预测各种法律后果,成为中国投资方普遍关注的问题。 20世纪90年代,非洲经济发展缓慢,各国积极探索改革发展之路。在此背景下,西非16个国家创建了非洲商法协调组织(OHADA),其目的是对成员国国内商法进行协调,统一各成员国国内立法,从而促进投资,发展各国的经济。现阶段,OHADA已成为对非洲商法影响最大的组织之一,其主要成就是制定了八部统一法,《公路货物运输统一法》就是其中一部。《公路货物运输统一法》在遵循组织目的和宗旨的前提下,借鉴了《国际公路货物运输合同公约》(CMR)的一些内容,但也不乏创新之处。该部统一法从六个方面对货物运输合同进行规定,包括公路货物运输统一法的适用范围,合同与运输单证,运输合同的履行,承运人的责任、免责条件和赔偿限额,争议的解决,定义及最后条款等。《公路货物运输统一法》对货运规则的统一、缩短货运时间节省费用都起着重要的作用。本文以《公路货物运输统一法》为立足点,指出我国现阶段公路货物运输法律制度的一些缺陷,主要体现在法律法规效力普遍较低、托运单的性质模糊、承运人的归责原则不够清晰、在误交付和未保价运输情形下如何赔偿的规定上过于偏袒承运人等等。在经济全球化的背景下,我国积极加入了一系列国际组织,国际地位逐步提升,在上海合作组织中的作用也越来越大,因此,我们应该加快与国际接轨的步伐,并对我国相关的国内立法进行修改。针对上述缺陷,应从以下方面进行完善:提高调整公路货物运输合同相关法规的法律效力,确认托运单的证据效力及流通转让功能,对承运人应实行严格责任原则,在误交付情形下承运人对权利人应按实际损失进行赔偿,在未保价运输情形下应有条件地否认格式条款的效力等等。总之,对公路货物运输统一法相关法律制度的了解只是我们认识的起点,如何借鉴其作用,对中国相关立法提出完善意见,才是我们的最终目的。
[Abstract]:With the end of the Beijing Summit of China - Africa Cooperation Forum , our country and African countries have become more and more frequent , how to deepen understanding of the legal system of African countries , so as to forecast various legal consequences in economic activity , and become a common concern of Chinese investors .

At the present stage , OHADA has become one of the most influential organizations in African commercial law .

The Uniform Law on the Transport of Goods and Goods of Roads and Goods , on the premise of complying with the aims and purposes of the organization , draws on some of the contents of the Convention on Contracts for the Carriage of Goods by International Highway , but there is no innovation . The Uniform Law of the Ministry of Transport provides for the contract of carriage of goods from six aspects , including the scope of application of the Uniform Law on the Transport of Goods , the performance of the contract and transportation contract , the performance of the carrier , the liability of the carrier , the exemption condition and the limitation of compensation , the settlement of the dispute , the definition and the final clauses .

Under the background of economic globalization , China has actively participated in a series of international organizations , the nature of the shipping documents is vague , the carrier ' s liability principle is not clear , the carrier should implement strict liability principle in the context of economic globalization , and the carrier should pay compensation according to the actual loss in case of mis - delivery . In case of uninsured transportation , the carrier should deny the validity of the format clause .

In short , the understanding of the relevant legal system of the Uniform Law on the Transportation of Highway Goods is only the starting point of our understanding , how to draw on its role , and to perfect the relevant legislation in China is our ultimate aim .
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D996.1

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