无船承运人的民事责任研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 00:29

本文选题：无船承运人 + 法律责任　；参考：《西南政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：无船承运人(NVOCC)制度是规范和监管无船承运业务的制度。它是伴随着20世纪70年代初海运货物集装箱化发展而产生的,是国际集装箱运输和多式联运迅猛发展到一定阶段的产物,也是世界海上国际贸易与运输的一项重要制度。2002年1月1日正式施行的《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》(以下简称《海运条例》),顺应形势确立了我国的无船承运人制度,但与西方贸易大国和日本、我国香港等地区相比,我国对无船承运人制度的立法和理论研究起步较晚,迫切需要进一步完善。本文通过实证分析的方法研究无船承运人民事责任制度,文章共分为三个部分: 第一部分是无船承运人概述,文章从无船承运人的含义,无船承运人的发展史以及我国《海商法》规定的无船承运人法律地位等三个方面对无船承运人制度进行了简要的介绍,论述了无船承运人的性质和身份的特殊性。第二部分是对无船承运人的义务和责任的探讨。该部分分别介绍了无船承运人作为契约承运人和托运人两种不同身份下的义务和责任。无船承运人相对于托运人是契约承运人,应承担我国《海商法》所规定的有关契约承运人的履行船舶适航、适货、不进行不合理绕航、合理速遣等义务,运用无船承运人主体资格不适格前提下签发提单的实例来论述无船承运人的民事法律责任,进一步阐明无船承运人作为契约承运人应承担的赔偿责任。无船承运人相对于实际承运人又是托运人,托运人应履行包装、申报、提供单据、支付运费等义务,如果无船承运人没有履行该义务,承担相应的违约责任。第三部分是对无船承运人责任担保制度的介绍。这部分是本文的重点,论述无船承运人的民事责任制度,最终要落实在如何保证无船承运人、托运人、实际承运人等各方面的权益都能受到法律的保障。实践中,无船承运人处于比较尴尬的地位,其法律地位就决定了无船承运人的权利得不到很好的保障。所以,这部分笔者将从保证金制度、责任保险、海事赔偿责任制度等方面来论述如何保障无船承运人的权益,同时针对我国对于无船承运人责任担保制度规定的缺陷,阐述了笔者的观点并提出了相应的解决对策。
[Abstract]:NVOCC (NVOCC) system is a system to regulate and supervise NVOCC. It came into being with the development of containerization of seaborne cargo in the early 1970s. It is the result of the rapid development of international container transportation and multimodal transport to a certain stage. The regulations of the people's Republic of China on International Maritime Transport (hereinafter referred to as "Maritime regulations"), which have been put into effect on January 1, 2002, have established the system of non-ship carriers in China in accordance with the situation. However, compared with western trading countries, Japan, Hong Kong and other regions, the legislative and theoretical research on the system of NVOCC in our country starts late, and needs to be improved urgently. The article is divided into three parts: the first part is the overview of NVOCC, the meaning of NVOCC is the meaning of NVOCC. The history of the development of NVOCC and the legal status of NVOCC as stipulated in Maritime Law of China are briefly introduced, and the nature and identity of NVOCC are discussed. The second part discusses the obligations and responsibilities of NVOCC. This part introduces the obligations and responsibilities of NVOCC as contract carrier and shipper respectively. The NVOCC is the contract carrier relative to the shipper, and shall undertake the obligations of the relevant contractual carrier stipulated in the Maritime Law of our country, such as seaworthiness, good cargo, no unreasonable deviation, reasonable dispatch, etc., The civil liability of NVOCC is discussed by using the example of issuing bill of lading under the premise of unqualified subject qualification of NVOCC, and the liability of NVOCC as contractual carrier is further clarified. Compared with the actual carrier, the non-ship carrier is the shipper, the shipper should perform the obligations of packing, reporting, providing documents, paying freight and so on. If the non-ship carrier fails to perform this obligation, he shall bear the corresponding liability for breach of contract. The third part is the introduction of the non-ship carrier liability guarantee system. This part is the emphasis of this paper, which discusses the civil liability system of NVOCC, and finally implements how to ensure the rights and interests of NVOCC, shippers, actual carriers and so on can be protected by law. In practice, NVOCC is in an awkward position, and its legal status determines that NVOCC's rights can not be well protected. Therefore, the author will discuss how to protect the rights and interests of NVOCC from the aspects of margin system, liability insurance, liability system of maritime claims and so on, and at the same time, aiming at the defects of the liability guarantee system of NVOCC in our country. This paper expounds the author's point of view and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.294

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