海运单证法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 23:11

本文选题：海运 + 单证　；参考：《西南政法大学》2003年硕士论文

【摘要】： 提单是一种重要的国际贸易和国际航运单证。它在国际货物买卖、结算、运输等环节发挥着举足轻重的作。国际贸易从早期的实物交易发展到单证交易的过程中，提单功不可没。时至今日，作为国际贸易和国际航运的重要工具，提单仍然具有无法替代的地位。然而，经济一体化和科学技术的飞速发展，使传统的提单制度面临严重的挑战。同时，也给提单制度的发展和完善创造了条件。提单面临的现实挑战就是提单欺诈问题。提单欺诈是海事欺诈的一种，它对国际贸易、航运、金融等行业构成严重威胁。本文运用实证分析的方法，着重研究几种常见的提单欺诈形式及其防范措施，尤其是探讨了海运单和电子提单等新的贸易单证形式，以期有效防范提单欺诈。本文分为五部分，前三部分研究几种常见的提单欺诈形式。后两部分探讨了海运单和提单发展的新趋势—电子提单。研究提单欺诈问题时，本文立论的前提是：提单不是提单持有人与承运人之间的运输合同。第一部分研究预借提单、倒签提单法律问题，主要是如何对预借提单、倒签提单行为进行法律定性。运用民法学关于侵权和违约的理论，通过对预借提单、倒签提单行为所涉及的当事方法律关系的分析，笔者认为不能将该行为一概定性为侵权、违约或竞合，要视具体情况而定。笔者认为，预借提单或倒签提单行为的责任主体因不同情形而不同。并以三种常见的贸易术语CIF、CFR、FOB为例进行论述，阐明不同情形下该行为的法律性质并不相同。第二部分研究保函法律问题。探讨了发货保函(又叫换取清洁提单保函)和提货保函(又叫放货保函)法律效力问题以及提货保函的三种形式。笔者认为保函是否有效，效力如何，承运人能否据此向托运人追偿，取决于保函对收货人等第三方有无欺诈意图，也即保函是否是善意的，即善意保函只在承运人和托运人之间有效，不能约束第三人。恶意保函则根本无效，不能约束任何一方。笔者认为防范保函欺诈，不应完全否定保函的法律效力，承认善意保函的相对有效性，有利于公平保护当事方的权利，有利于国际贸易和国际航运秩序。我国应结合司法实践，借鉴《汉堡规则》关于保函的规定，以立法的形式明确规定两种保函的法律效力，以便人们有法可依，从而弥补我国《海商法》的缺憾。丰班… 第五部分研究提单的电子化发展趋势，结合电子提单规则和Bo ler。电子提单方案进行研究。电子提单规则采用“功能等同”(func ti。nal 一equivalent)原则一在分析传统纸上单据法律要件的目的和功能的基础上，研究如何用电子技术实现这些目的和功能。规则旨在设计一种技术性、程序性的电子转让物权的方法，尽量模仿传统书面提单。规则下的电子提单的一个重要特点是买卖双方，银行和收货人均以承运人为中心。对电子提单规则关于书面形式问题、对签字问题、权利转让问题、纸提单与电子单证的转换问题进行了研究。Bo lero电子提单方案试图在由船运公司、银行和电讯公司所组成的商业链条中采用联机电脑化的登记来代替纸运输单据。B。1 ero欲求解决当可转让的书面纸单据转化为电子形式时所面临的特殊的法律问题。其关注的焦点在于使用电子数据交换的可转让的提单。研究了Bol ero电子提单的运作程序、建立Bo 1 ero电子提单登记系统问题以及Bo lero规则书。指出Boler。提单具有安全、高效的优势，是统提单所无法比拟的。同时，，它也面临着许多问题，需要不断地完善。阐明提单的电子化是经济一体化和科学技术的飞速发展的必然结果，呼吁以国内法和国际公约的形式适时制定电子提单法律制度，材良本上解决提单欺诈问题。
[Abstract]:The bill of lading is an important international trade and international shipping document . It plays an important role in international trade , settlement , transportation and so on . In the process of developing the international trade and international shipping , the bill of lading is still irreplaceable . However , the real challenge facing the bill of lading is the fraud of the bill of lading .

This paper is divided into five parts , the first three studies several common forms of bill of lading fraud . The latter two parts discuss the new trend of the development of bill of lading and bill of lading - electronic bill of lading . When studying the problem of bill of lading fraud , the premise of this paper is that the bill of lading is not the contract of carriage between the holder of the bill of lading and the carrier .

Based on the analysis of the legal relationship between the parties involved in the bill of lading and the countersigned bill of lading , the author argues that it is not possible to characterize the behavior as tort , default or competition .

In the second part , the author considers whether the guarantee letter is valid and effective , whether the carrier can recover the letter from the shipper , or whether the guarantee is in good faith , which is beneficial to the fair protection of the rights of the parties , and is conducive to the fair protection of the rights of the parties and to the international trade and the international shipping order .

Feng Ban . .

The fifth part studies the trend of electronic bill of lading , combines the electronic bill of lading rules and Bo ler .

Study on sub - bill of lading scheme . Electronic bill of lading rules shall be " functionally equivalent " ( func ti . nal

An equivalent principle is the basis of analyzing the purpose and function of document ' s legal requirements on traditional paper

in ord to design a technical ,

A procedural electronic transfer of the right to transfer , as much as possible , of a traditional written bill of lading . Electronic reference under the rules .

An important feature of the bill is that both the buyer and seller , the bank and the consignee take the carrier as the centre .

Bill of Lading Rules on written questions , issues of signature , transfer of rights , paper bills of lading , and electronic

The issue of the conversion of documents has been studied . The Bo lero Electronic Bills of Lading Programme sought to be in a shipping company , silver ,

Online computerized registration is used in the commercial chain of banks and telecommunications companies to replace paper transport documents

It is reported that B . 1 ero wants to solve the problems faced when the negotiable paper document is converted into an electronic form

Legal issues . The focus is on the use of electronic data interchange to transfer negotiable bills of lading .

The operation procedure of Bol ero electronic bill of lading is studied , and the registration system of Bo 1 ero electronic bill of lading is established .

and the Bo lero rule book . It is pointed out that Boler . L . L . L . L . has a safe and efficient advantage , which is a bill of lading

It is beyond comparison . At the same time , it faces many problems and needs to be perfected continuously .

Electronic is the inevitable result of economic integration and rapid development of science and technology , and calls for domestic law and

The electronic bill of lading legal system shall be formulated at the right time in the form of an international convention , and the problem of bill of lading fraud shall be solved on the basis of material quality .
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：D996.19

【引证文献】