对海上货物运输合同中第二种托运人的思考

发布时间：2018-06-18 20:48

本文选题：托运人 + 第二种托运人　；参考：《上海海运学院》2001年硕士论文

【摘要】： 在海上运输合同中，托运人是一个十分重要的主体。现行的《海商法》对托运人作了两种定义。在具体的法律适用中，对托运人这一主体已经形成了分歧意见。《海商法》对托运人的两种定义意味着什么?会不会同时存在第二种托运人?第二种托运人存在的条件和法律后果是什么? 本文通过一般法律原则，现有的海商法理论以及航运业务的实践来论证第二种托运人现象的可能性和现实性，，并就此提出了自己的看法，着重解决第二种托运人的法律适用问题，分析了法律适用时必须在航运业务中予以澄清的若干问题。试图通过这一思考过程，能对《海商法》的定义有更清晰的认识，并希望以此减少一些在实际业务中对相关问题的困惑。文章根据现有的理论对第二种托运人的现象作了初步分析和归纳，认为在现行的《海商法》体系下，运输合同中除了通常的“订立合同”的托运人之外，在一定条件下还会存在第二种“向承运人交付货物”的托运人，指出在同一个海上货物运输合同中，只要“订立运输合同”的行为与“将货物交给承运人”的行为相分离，即可从两个完全独立的角度去理解托运人。为对问题能有较全面的认识，文章具体分析了国内理论界以及司法实践对这一问题的看法以及各种看法的演变过程，通过对比其中的一些分歧意见，论证了第二种托运人存在的必然性和法律适用的客观趋势。文章还对设立第二种托运人的目的进行了探讨，并针对这一目的的通常观点谈了一些个人的体会，着重从具体航运业务的角度来阐述立法设立第二种托运人的现实意义，也从一个侧面对第二种托运人的法律适用提出了个人的观点。最后，根据自己若干年来的业务实践和亲身体会，针对现有的分歧意见，以理论联系实际的方法提出自己的看法或解决方案，同时较系统地从运输合同的成立、提单的记载、提单的签发、运费的支付和托运人过错的承担等存在争议的环节，分析了运输合同中两种不同类型托运人的联系和区别，从而达到对第二种托运人能有一种较完整的、科学的认识。
[Abstract]:In the contract of carriage by sea, the shipper is a very important subject. The current Maritime Code defines shipper in two ways. In the specific application of the law, there have been divergent views on the shipper as the subject. What does the two definitions of shipper mean in the CMR? Could there be a second kind of shipper at the same time? What are the conditions and legal consequences for the existence of the second type of shipper? This paper demonstrates the possibility and reality of the second kind of shippers' phenomenon through the general legal principles, the existing maritime law theory and the practice of shipping business, and puts forward its own views. The application of the second kind of shipper's law is mainly solved, and some problems which must be clarified in shipping operation are analyzed. Through this thinking process, we can have a clearer understanding of the definition of Maritime Code, and hope to reduce the confusion of some related problems in the actual business. According to the existing theories, this paper makes a preliminary analysis and induction of the second kind of shippers' phenomenon, and concludes that under the current system of Maritime Law, the contract of carriage is in addition to the usual "contract conclusion" shipper. Under certain conditions, there will also be a second type of shipper "delivering goods to the carrier", noting that in the same contract of carriage of goods by sea, as long as the act of "entering into a contract of carriage" is separated from the act of "handing the goods over to the carrier", The shipper can be understood from two completely independent perspectives. In order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the problem, the article concretely analyzes the views of the domestic theorists and judicial practice on this issue and the evolution of various views. It demonstrates the inevitability of the second kind of shipper and the objective trend of the application of law. The article also discusses the purpose of establishing the second kind of shipper, and discusses some personal experiences in the light of the general viewpoint of this purpose, and emphatically expounds the practical significance of legislating the establishment of the second kind of shipper from the point of view of specific shipping business. It also puts forward a personal view on the application of the second kind of shipper's law from one side. Finally, according to my own business practice and personal experience over the past several years, in view of the existing differences of opinion, I put forward my own views or solutions by combining theory with practice, and at the same time, more systematically from the establishment of the contract of carriage, the recording of bills of lading, The issue of bill of lading, the payment of freight and the liability of the shipper's fault are discussed in this paper. The connection and difference between the two different types of shippers in the contract of carriage are analyzed, so as to have a complete relationship with the second kind of shipper. Scientific understanding.
【学位授予单位】：上海海运学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：D996.19

【引证文献】