船舶优先权与海事赔偿责任限制制度的冲突与解决

发布时间：2018-06-19 19:35

本文选题：船舶优先权 + 优先性　；参考：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：船舶优先权与海事赔偿责任限制都是长久存在于海商法的特殊的制度。它们同样有着古老的起源,都为保证航海业的稳定、健康发展做出了重要贡献。船舶优先权制度设立的初衷在于保护特定债权人的权益,而海事赔偿责任限制制度设立的目的却是保护船舶有所人的利益,可以说,船舶优先权保护了债权人的利益,而海事赔偿责任限制却保护了债务人的利益；并且,在两项制度的行使程序上,由于海事赔偿责任限制基金的设立而导致船舶优先权程序的终止,对船舶优先权人行使权利造成影响,这样的制度设计必然导致了两种制度在某些方面产生一定的冲突。但深入分析两项制度,也不难发现,冲突并非是无法协调的,而两项特殊的海商法制度也是相互协调与平衡的。本文第一部分将介绍船舶优先权制度,在这一部分,本文将着重分析船舶优先权的优先性,以优先性为脉络,介绍船舶优先权的项目及受偿顺序。船舶优先权的受偿顺序是一个较为复杂的问题,本文选择以图表结合文字说明的方式,将船舶优先权的顺序更为清楚、简洁地表述出来。本文的第二部分将介绍分析海事赔偿责任限制制度。这一部分,文章还将着重分析责任限制制度中一个重要的因素,即,责任限制基金。本文对责任限制基金的设立效果将做着重分析,以铺底第三部分所阐述之船舶优先权与责任限制的冲突表现。本文第三部分将就船舶优先权与海事赔偿责任限制的冲突展开分析。从两者保护对象的不同、请求项目的竞合、船舶优先权与非限制性债权的交叉、两者权利行使方式的差异这几点进行论述分析。本文最后一个部分将探讨船舶优先权与海事赔偿责任限制之间冲突可行的解决方法。通过横向及纵向分析明确两者冲突的范围,再探讨责任限制启动的必要性,最后,从国际公约的态度、对责任限制的制度角度说明两种制度是否可以共存,并在文章最后提出化解两种制度冲突的可行之方法。
[Abstract]:Maritime lien and limitation of maritime liability are the special systems of maritime law for a long time. They also have an ancient origin and have made important contributions to ensuring the stability and healthy development of the shipping industry. The original intention of the maritime lien system is to protect the rights and interests of the specific creditors, but the purpose of the maritime liability limitation system is to protect the interests of the people of the ship. It can be said that the maritime lien protects the interests of the creditors. However, the limitation of liability for maritime claims protects the interests of the debtor, and, in the procedure of exercising the two systems, the establishment of the limitation fund for maritime liability leads to the termination of the maritime lien procedure. This system design inevitably leads to some conflicts between the two systems in some aspects. However, it is not difficult to find that the conflict is not impossible to coordinate, and the two special maritime law systems are also coordinated and balanced. The first part of this paper will introduce the maritime lien system. In this part, this paper will focus on the analysis of the priority of maritime liens, take priority as the context, introduce the items of maritime liens and the order of compensation. The compensation order of maritime liens is a complicated problem. In this paper, the order of maritime liens is expressed more clearly and succinctly. The second part of this paper will introduce and analyze the limitation system of liability for maritime claims. In this part, the article will focus on an important factor in liability limitation system, that is, liability limitation fund. This paper will focus on the analysis of the effect of the establishment of liability limitation fund in order to explain the conflict between maritime liens and liability limitation in the third part. The third part will analyze the conflict between maritime lien and limitation of maritime liability. This paper discusses and analyzes the differences of the object of protection between the two, the competing of claim items, the crossing of maritime liens and unrestricted claims, and the differences in the way of exercising their rights. In the last part of this paper, a feasible solution to the conflict between maritime lien and limitation of maritime liability is discussed. Through horizontal and vertical analysis to clarify the scope of the conflict between the two, and then to explore the necessity of starting liability limitation. Finally, from the attitude of international conventions, the paper explains whether the two systems can coexist from the perspective of the system of liability limitation. At the end of the article, the author puts forward the feasible methods to resolve the conflict between the two systems.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.294

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