诚实信用原则客观标准与海上保险合同的告知义务

发布时间：2018-06-21 06:04

本文选题：诚实信用 + 原则　；参考：《中国政法大学》2003年硕士论文

【摘要】： 　　国际贸易的发展离不开海上保险的保障。中国作为一个海洋大国，其进出口贸易的90%的货物，是通过海上运输来完成的。海上贸易的高风险和高技术、专业化的特点，客观上使得海上保险成为我国国际经济往来的重要因素。改革开放以来，我国国际贸易大幅度增加，，航运市场将会不断壮大。在世贸组织达成消除服务贸易领域壁垒的GATS协议之后，保险业在经营范围上更趋国际化。在可预见的将来，随着中国加入世贸组织，中国保险业将进一步面临外资保险业的激烈竞争。海上保险在国民经济中的重要地位将会更加突出。对海上保险法的研究日益成为一个重要的课题。在海上保险法中，最大诚信原则是最为核心的基本原则，是诚实信用原则在海上保险法领域内的最具特色的体现。海上保险的告知义务制度是海上保险最大诚信原则的最重要的内容之一，在有关学术研究和诉讼实务方面占有主要地位置。各国的学术著作和论文在论及最大诚信原则问题时，无不对告知义务作长篇大论。我国海商法在借鉴英国1906年海上保险法及其他国家立法经验的基础上，在第222条和第223条规定了我国的海上保险法告知义务制度，是我国海上保险事业的发展和海上保险法的立法的一项重要制度，发挥了重要作用。但由于其规定过于原则、粗疏，可操作性不强。又因为我国与英国等法律传统的差别性，使告知义务制度的研究在学术和实务方面均存在着不同认识和争论。这一现象的存在不能适应当前我国海上保险事业的发展。基于以上认识，本文在深入探讨海上保险特点和诚实信用原则本质的基础上，阐述诚实信用原则、最大诚信原则和海上告知义务制度三者之间的关系，以及诚实信用原则和告知义务制度在海上保险法领域特殊地位和意义，提出诚实信用原则客观标准的概念，并以此为工具，在比较研究英国、法国、挪威等国海上保险法告知义务制度的基础上，对我国海上保险法告知义务制度的立法提出建议。本文共分为三个部分。第一部分：海上保险法最大诚信原则的特点。在肯认海上保险契约本质和探讨海上保险最大诚信原则法源基础上，从保险学和商法学角度分析海上保险诚实信用原则的特殊性。即海上保险合同的对人性、技术性、信息不对称性、简捷性及严格责任意义和外观主义的特点，揭示海上保险最大诚信原则区别一WP=5般意义诚实信用原则的突出特点，揭示诚实信用原则客观标准的特点、本质与功能，阐述诚实信用原则客观标准的层级性、客观性和义务性的特点，阐述其克服非规范性诚实信用原则局限性功能，为分析海上保险法诚实信用原则告知义务客观标准的特点奠定理论基础。第二部分：海上保险合同告知义务。论述海上保险诚实信用原则与告知义务制度的关系，探讨了诚信原则理论是告知义务的法学基础，是告知义务制度的基石。告知义务源于最大诚信原则，是最大诚信原则的一部分内容，包含于最大诚信原则之中，但告知义务绝不是最大诚信原则的全部，并由此导出告知义务诚信标准的观点。第三部分：在总结概括海上保险告知义务客观标准的基础上，结合我国立法分析英国、法国、挪威三国海上保险法告知义务制度，比较分析各国告知义务客观标准，比较分析海上保险合同告知义务在各国的不同表现及其作用和功能。在分析我国立法和实务中告知义务诚信标准基础上，建议对我国海上保险单独立法，明确具体规定告知义务制度，引入“谨慎保险人”等客观标准，充分体现告知义务诚信标准的规范化、制度化、客观化和严格责任主义、外观主义的特点，将诚实信用原则的精神实质融入我国海上保险告知义务制度之中。
[Abstract]:The development of international trade is inseparable from the guarantee of marine insurance. As a big ocean country, 90% of its import and export goods are carried out by sea transportation. The high risk and high technology and professional characteristics of maritime trade objectively make marine insurance an important factor in the international economic exchanges in China. Since China's international trade has increased greatly and the shipping market will continue to grow, the insurance industry is more international after the WTO has reached the GATS agreement to eliminate barriers to service trade. In the foreseeable future, with China's accession to WTO, China's insurance industry will be further faced with the fierce competition of foreign insurance industry. The importance of marine insurance in the national economy will become more prominent. The study of marine insurance law has increasingly become an important topic.
In the marine insurance law, the principle of maximum honesty is the most important basic principle. It is the most distinctive embodiment of the principle of honesty and credit in the field of maritime insurance law. The informing obligation of maritime insurance is one of the most important contents of the maximum integrity principle of marine insurance, and occupies a major position in the academic research and litigation practice. On the basis of the 1906 maritime insurance law and other national legislative experiences of the United Kingdom, the maritime insurance law of our country stipulates the system of maritime insurance disclosure obligation in our country on the basis of the experience of the maritime insurance law of 1906 and other national legislation in the 222nd and 223rd articles, which is our maritime insurance. The development of the cause and an important system of the legislation of the maritime insurance law have played an important role. But because their regulations are too principled, infrequent and inoperable, because of the difference between our country and the British and other legal traditions, there are different understandings and debates on the academic and practical aspects of the study of the obligation of disclosure. On the basis of the deep exploration of the characteristics of marine insurance and the essence of the principle of honesty and credit, this paper expounds the relationship between the principles of honesty and credit, the maximum honesty principle and the system of maritime disclosure obligation, as well as the principle of honesty and credit and the system of disclosure obligation in the sea, based on the above understanding. On the special status and significance of the insurance law, the concept of the objective standard of the principle of honesty and credit is put forward. On the basis of the comparative study of the informing obligation of maritime insurance law in Britain, France, Norway and other countries, some suggestions on the legislation of the informing obligation system in China's maritime insurance law are put forward.
This article is divided into three parts.
The first part: the characteristics of the maximum honesty principle of marine insurance law. On the basis of identifying the essence of the marine insurance contract and discussing the source of the maximum integrity principle of marine insurance, the particularity of the principle of honesty and credit of marine insurance is analyzed from the perspective of insurance and commercial law. As well as the characteristics of strict responsibility meaning and appearance, it reveals the distinguishing feature of the principle of maximum honesty and credit of marine insurance, which distinguishes the principle of honesty and credit in WP=5, reveals the characteristics, nature and function of the objective standard of the principle of good faith, expounds the hierarchy, objectivity and obligation of the objective standard of the principle of honesty and credit, and expounds the overcoming of the principle of the principle of honesty and credit. The limitation function of normative integrity principle lays a theoretical foundation for analyzing the characteristics of objective criteria of the principle of good faith in maritime insurance law.
The second part: the obligation to inform the maritime insurance contract. The relationship between the principle of good faith and the obligation of disclosure of maritime insurance is discussed. The theory of the principle of good faith is the basis of the law of disclosure and the cornerstone of the informing obligation. The obligation of informing is derived from the maximum honesty principle, which is part of the maximum honesty principle, and is included in the maximum sincerity. However, the obligation of disclosure is not the whole principle of the utmost good faith, and from this, we derive the standpoint of the criterion of good faith.
The third part: on the basis of summarizing and summarizing the objective standard of the informing obligation of marine insurance, it analyses the obligation system of the maritime insurance law of the United Kingdom, France and Norway, compares and analyzes the objective standards of the obligation of notification in various countries, and compares and analyzes the different manifestations, functions and functions of the maritime insurance contract in various countries. On the basis of analyzing the integrity standards of informing obligation in our country's legislation and practice, it is suggested that the individual legislation of marine insurance in our country be made, the system of informing obligation is clearly specified, the objective standards of "prudent insurer" are introduced, and the standardization, institutionalization, objectification, strict liability, and exterior features of the integrity standards of the informing obligation will be fully embodied. The essence of the principle of honesty and credit is integrated into China's marine insurance disclosure obligation system.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：D996

【参考文献】