海上货物运输中承运人识别问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 05:20

本文选题：承运人 + 实际承运人　；参考：《上海海事大学》2003年硕士论文

【摘要】：承运人识别问题历来受到国内外航运界和法学界的关注，也是海商法学中一个传统研究课题。在海上货物运输中，造成承运人识别困难的主要原因有以下两个方面：一方面是承运人概念内涵的不确定以及各国对承运人定义的不统一；另一方面是由于海上货物运输的方式、形态的复杂性所致。在同一货物运输过程中，往往有多人实际参与了海上货物运输行为，负担实际货物运输工作。承运人是与托运人相对应的一方，他需要与托运人接触，，缔结运输合同，签发提单，履行运输任务等，而这些行为并不总是由同一方完成，而当不同方分担这些行为时，在众多运输关系方中确定何人为货物运输的承运人往往困难重重，在航运实践中也常常会因此而引发争议。在发生货损索赔时，对于货主来说，只有迅速、准确地认定承运人和实际承运人，才能及时、正确地向责任方提出索赔；同样对船舶所有人(也即船东)或承租人来说，只有清楚自己是不是承运人或实际承运人，对货损负不负责任，才能有效地抗辩货主的索赔。由此可见，承运人的识别对船、货双方来说都很重要。因此，本课题的研究无论是从实体法还是从程序法上来说，都有相当重要的价值。本文以海上货物运输的责任主体——承运人为核心，对承运人的识别及其相关法律问题进行必要的研究和探讨。本论文除引言外，共分五章。第一章承运人识别问题概述。主要论述了海上货物运输中承运人识别问题研究的重要意义以及海上货物运输合同的概念和分类，并在三大公约、美国海上货物运输法99年草案及CMI统一运输法下，对承运人的定义作了一个比较研究，为下文的论述做一个理论铺垫。第二章承运人识别问题的几个基本理论。首先论述了承运人与提单的关系及承运人识别的几个通常判定标准，而后阐述承运人识别所应遵循的原则，并就承运人识别问题提出自己的几点见解。第三章《海牙规则》下承运人的识别。本章是论文的核心章节，首先简单介绍《海牙规则》的立法背景，分析《海牙规则》的适用范围及承运人的定义，分别从船舶所有人、租船人及其他人三种可能成为《海牙规则》下的承运人着手，论述了在光船租赁、定期租船、航次租船等多种情形下，如何识别承运人。第四章《汉堡规则》和我国《海商法》下承运人的识别。《汉堡规则》不仅对承运人下了严格的定义，而且区分了承运人与实际承运人的概念，对承运人识别问题的解决作出了重大贡献。我国《海商法》基本采用了《汉堡规则》对承运人的定义，本文着重论述了我国海商法下的实际承运人制度及实际承运人的识别，并就承运人识别问题的法律解决提出了自己的几点构想。第五章光船租赁条款及承运人识别条款。提单背面(尤其是租船合同下签发的提单)通常会加入一条光船租赁条款或承运人识别条款，此类条款对承运人的识别会有较大的影响，而在司法实践中对此类条款的有效性常有争议。本章结合英美判例，分析比较了英国、美国、加拿大等国家法院的不同做法，提出了作者自己的一些见解。以上是本文的主要内容，笔者主要参照了我国及英美等国的有关立法及判例，较多采用比较研究的方法，对海上货物运输中承运人的识别及其相关问题进行了较为详细的阐述。衷心希望通过此文，能够对我国有关承运人识别问题的理论研究和司法实践产生点滴的积极影响。
[Abstract]:The carrier ' s identification problem has always been the concern of shipping circles and law circles at home and abroad , and it is a traditional research project in maritime law . In the carriage of goods by sea , the main reasons for the carrier ' s identification difficulty are the following two aspects : the uncertainty of the concept of the carrier ' s concept and the non - unification of the definition of the carrier ;
On the other hand , because of the complexity of the way and form of the carriage of goods at sea , many people actually participate in the transportation of sea goods and bear the actual transportation of goods . The carrier is a party corresponding to the shipper , and it is often difficult for the carrier to conclude the contract of carriage , issue the bill of lading , carry out the transportation task , etc .
It is clear that the carrier ' s identification is very important to both the ship and the goods . Therefore , it is very important to study the carrier ' s identification and its related legal problems .

This thesis is divided into five chapters except introduction .

The first chapter mainly discusses the significance of carrier identification in maritime cargo transportation and the concept and classification of maritime cargo transportation contract , and makes a comparative study on the definition of carrier under the three conventions , the 99 - year draft of the United States Marine Cargo Transport Law and CMI Uniform Transport Law , and makes a theoretical mat for the discussion below .

The second chapter discusses the relationship between the carrier and the bill of lading and the general rules of the carrier ' s identification , then expounds the principles that the carrier should follow , and puts forward some opinions on the carrier ' s identification .

The third chapter introduces the carrier ' s recognition under the Hague Rules . This chapter is the core section of the paper . Firstly , it introduces the legislative background of the Hague Rules , analyzes the scope of application of the Hague Rules and the definition of the carrier , and discusses how to identify the carrier in many cases , such as boat charter , regular chartering , voyage charter and so on .

Chapter four defines the carrier ' s recognition under the Hamburg Rules . The Hamburg Rules apply not only to the carrier ' s strict definition , but also to distinguish between the carrier and the actual carrier , and make a significant contribution to the settlement of the carrier ' s identification problem .

This paper mainly discusses the actual carrier system and the identification of the actual carrier under the maritime law of our country and the carrier .

The legal solution to the problem of identification brings forward some ideas .

Chapter V Terms of Lease and Identification of Carrier . The back of the bill of lading ( especially under the contract of charter party )

A bill of lading usually adds a light boat charter clause or carrier identification clause that identifies the carrier

There will be a greater impact on the effectiveness of such provisions in judicial practice . This chapter , in conjunction with the Anglo - American judgement , is often controversial .

The analysis compares the different practices of national courts such as the United Kingdom , the United States and Canada , and puts forward the author ' s own .

Some insights .

Above is the main content of this paper , the author mainly refers to relevant legislation and jurisprudence of China and Anglo - American countries , etc . ,

Compared with the method of comparative study , the carrier ' s identification and related problems in the carriage of goods by sea are compared with each other .

In this paper , we sincerely hope that the theoretical research on the identification of carriers in our country can be carried out through this text .

Judicial practice has a positive impact on the drop .
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：D996.19;D922.294

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