海上货物运输中托运人退运请求的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 15:15

本文选题：合同变更 + 合同解除　；参考：《上海海事大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 在国际贸易和运输活动中,远洋运输的承运人往往处于一个重要的位置,因为承运人占有着往往成为争议焦点的货物。围绕着货物,各种身份的人可能会以各种各样的理由向承运人主张权利,从而使承运人处于两难的境界。本文所探讨的问题就是其中的一种情况——海上货物运输中托运人请求承运人退运的法律问题。退运是指托运人在与承运人订立了海上货物运输合同,且已将合同下货物交给承运人后的一定时间内要求承运人返还货物的行为。托运人有无退运权,托运人的退运请求究竟是属于行使合同解除权、合同变更权或为新合同订立发出的要约,对确定退运纠纷中托运人与承运人的权利与义务有极为重要的作用。在海上运输中,退运要求的提出通常发生于运输环节其中的一节,即开航前、开航后交货前、到达目的港交货之前。三种退运要求在运输合同履行中,会产生三种不同的合同权利义务。本文首先介绍了有关合同变更与合同解除方面的理论。根据这些理论得出了托运人在三个环节中提出退运请求的法律属性。即在开航前托运人退运的性质属于对海上货物运输合同的任意解除;在开航后交货前托运人退运的性质属于行使法定变更权;在到达目的港交货前托运人退运的性质分为两种;若提单在托运人手中,则其提出退运请求视为对运输合同的变更请求,若提单不在托运人手中,则其提出退运请求只能作为向承运人发出的订立新合同的要约。由于我国法律对托运人退运的法律性质未作具体规定,且我国《海商法》对于海上货物运输合同的变更和解除几乎是一项空白,缺乏明确、具体的规定。所以,本文分析了托运人指令与提单权利的关系,比较英美法下中途停运权的规定以及《UNCITRAL货物运输法草案》中货物控制权的概念,提出了只有当托运人享有货物控制权时才能对承运人提出退运请求。最后文章比较了其他国家在此方面立法中值得我们借鉴和学习的地方,提出了一点立法建议。笔者试图通过分析海上货物运输中托运人退运请求的法律性质及如何行使的条件,对处理国际航运中出现的具体问题提出一点自己的看法,并通过比较研究,探索适合于中国国情的涉及托运人退运的法律制度。
[Abstract]:In international trade and transportation activities, ocean carriers are often in an important position, because carriers often occupy the goods that have become the focus of controversy. Around the goods, people of various identities may claim rights to the carrier for a variety of reasons, thus putting the carrier in a dilemma. The problem discussed in this paper is the legal problem of the shipper requesting the carrier to return in the carriage of goods by sea. Redelivery refers to the shipper's request to the carrier to return the goods within a certain time after he has signed a contract with the carrier for the carriage of goods by sea and has given the goods under the contract to the carrier. Whether the shipper has the right of return or not, whether the shipper's request for return belongs to the exercise of the right to rescind the contract, the right to change the contract or the offer made for the conclusion of the new contract, It plays an important role in determining the rights and obligations of the shipper and the carrier in the dispute of return. In maritime transportation, the request for retrogression usually occurs in one section of the transport link, that is, before sailing, before delivery after sailing, and before delivery to the port of destination. In the performance of the contract of carriage, three different kinds of contract rights and obligations will arise. This paper first introduces the theory of contract modification and contract rescission. According to these theories, the legal attributes of the shipper's request for return in three links are obtained. That is to say, the nature of shipper's retrogression before sailing belongs to the arbitrary cancellation of contract of carriage of goods by sea; the nature of shipper's retrogression before shipment belongs to the exercise of legal right of alteration; the nature of shipper's retrogression before arrival at the port of destination is divided into two types; If the bill of lading is in the hands of the shipper, its request for retrogression is regarded as a request for alteration of the contract of carriage, and if the bill of lading is not in the shipper's hands, the request for retrogression can only be regarded as an offer to the carrier to conclude a new contract. Because the law of our country does not make the concrete stipulation to the legal nature of the shipper's return shipment, and the "Maritime Law" of our country is almost a blank to the change and the rescission of the contract of carriage of goods by sea, and lacks the clear and concrete stipulation. Therefore, this paper analyzes the relationship between shippers' orders and bill of lading rights, compares the provisions of the right of stoppage under Anglo-American law and the concept of the right of control of goods in UNCITRAL draft of cargo Transport Law. Only when the shipper has the right of control of the goods can the carrier be returned. Finally, the article compares other countries' legislation in this respect, and puts forward some legislative suggestions. By analyzing the legal nature of shippers' request for return of goods by sea and the conditions of how to exercise it, the author tries to put forward some views on how to deal with the specific problems in international shipping, and makes a comparative study. To explore the suitable for China's national conditions involving shippers to return the legal system.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D966.1

【引证文献】