建立有中国特色油污责任保险模式法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 18:18

本文选题：油污责任 + 保险　；参考：《大连海事大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 全球海洋环境的油污染风险随着海上石油运输量的增加而加大。近年来,我国石油消费量急增,已成为世界第二大石油进口国,高频率的船舶活动也使随之而来的油污染日趋恶化。我国已于1999年1月5日批准加入了国际《油污损害民事责任公约》,但由于某些原因至今仍然没有加入《油污损害赔偿基金公约》。虽然国家交通部曾要求航行于国际航线的2000总吨以上散装货油船舶必须进行油污责任强制保险,但由于我国小旧船多、船况差等特殊的航运现状,再加上国内没有形成独立完善的油污责任保险制度,没有在专门的法律法规包括《海商法》中对船舶油污染责任保险作出详细的规定,致使油污损害发生后偿付主体缺失、偿付能力不足等现象的日益增加,因此笔者提出了应尽快形成适合我国国情的、具有中国特色的油污责任保险模式。笔者从我国油污损害及责任保险的现状分析入手,紧紧围绕国际社会在油污责任保险制度上的发展思路,结合许多国家在除了油污责任保险以外的其他保险领域上所取得经验和先进理念,如环境责任保险、机动车辆强制责任险、农业保险等保险制度,通过比较研究的方法进行分析,寻找共性特点并得以借鉴。另一方面,通过与海事部门、航运企业及教学科研机构的走访与调查,了解船舶油污染途径及防污染技术等知识,并将其与保险学原理及相关知识进行充分的融合,大胆提出了保险模式的改革与创新。对目前理论界讨论的油污责任强制保险制度的可行性分析基础上,笔者提出了不搞“一刀切”,实行油污责任强制与自愿保险相结合的保险模式。另一方面,针对目前整个油污责任保险市场所反映出的一种冷谈、观望的现象,笔者建议采用政策性与商业性相结合的油污责任保险模式,通过经济利益上的激励、诱导机制,从财政保费补贴、税收优惠等制度上的倾斜,激发市场潜能。
[Abstract]:The risk of oil pollution in the global marine environment increases with the increase of offshore oil transportation. In recent years, China's oil consumption has increased rapidly and has become the second largest oil importing country in the world. China ratified the International Convention on Civil liability for Oil pollution damage on January 5, 1999, but for some reasons it still has not joined the Convention of Oil pollution damage compensation Fund. Although the Ministry of Communications has required 2000 gross tons of bulk oil vessels sailing on international routes to carry out compulsory liability insurance for oil pollution, due to the large number of small old vessels and poor conditions of shipping in China, In addition, there is no independent and perfect oil pollution liability insurance system in China, and there are no detailed provisions on marine oil pollution liability insurance in the special laws and regulations, including the Maritime Law, resulting in the loss of the main body of reimbursement after the oil pollution damage occurs. The phenomenon of insufficient solvency is increasing day by day, so the author puts forward that an oil pollution liability insurance model with Chinese characteristics should be formed as soon as possible. Starting with the analysis of the current situation of oil pollution damage and liability insurance in China, the author focuses on the development of the international community in the oil pollution liability insurance system. Combining with the experience and advanced concepts gained by many countries in the field of insurance other than oil pollution liability insurance, such as environmental liability insurance, compulsory liability insurance for motor vehicles, agricultural insurance and so on. Through the comparative study of the method of analysis, to find common features and can be used for reference. On the other hand, through the visits and investigations with maritime departments, shipping enterprises and teaching and research institutions, we can understand the ship oil pollution routes and anti-pollution technologies, and integrate them with the principles of insurance and related knowledge. Boldly put forward the reform and innovation of insurance mode. On the basis of the feasibility analysis of the compulsory insurance system of oil pollution liability discussed in the theoretical circle at present, the author puts forward the insurance mode of combining the compulsory liability of oil pollution with voluntary insurance without "one-size-fits-all". On the other hand, in view of a kind of cold talk and wait-and-see phenomenon reflected in the whole oil pollution liability insurance market at present, the author proposes to adopt the oil pollution liability insurance model which combines policy and commercial, and induces the mechanism through the stimulation of economic benefits. From the financial premium subsidies, tax preferences and other systems tilt, stimulate the potential of the market.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D996

【引证文献】