无船承运人责任制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 21:30

本文选题：无船承运人 + 无单放货　；参考：《中国政法大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 无船承运人随着集装箱运输的蓬勃发展而兴起，美国《1984年航运法》首次认可了无船承运人的独立法律地位，并在随后的若干年内．逐步完善了无船承运人制度。中国于2002年1月1日生效的《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》(以下简称《海运条例》)中首次确定了无船承运业务法律制度，从而将无船承运人从货运代理中独立出来。但目前中国的相关制度只涉及行政法律关系，有关无船承运人的民事责任，仍由《海商法》和《合同法》等相关民商事法律调整。无船承运人因其即是承运人又是托运人，在相关责任的承担上有其特殊性。中国法下无船承运人相关责任制度缺乏明确而具体的规定，给实务操作带来了很大的混乱。本文通过比较分析的方法研究无船承运人责任制度，文章共分为三个部分：第一部分是无船承运人概述，文章从无船承运人的定义，各国法下的无船承运人以及无船承运人的发展史等三个方面对无船承运人制度进行了简要的介绍。第二部分是对无船承运人的义务和责任的探讨。该部分分别介绍了无船承运人在承运人和托运人两种不同身份下的义务和责任。作为承运人，无船承运人要承担适航、管货等法定义务，同时还要承担凭单交货的合同义务。在赔付了货主之后，无船承运人有权向有责任的实际承运人追偿。文章进一步分析了无船承运人作为承运人时的责任确定以及责任限制，责任分担等问题。该部分还讨论了无船承运人作为托运人对于实际承运人应承担的义务和责任。无船承运人对上述义务和责任的承担，既有一般承运人和托运人义务和责任的共性，又有其特殊性，即无船承运人往往是代人受过。第三部分是对无船承运人责任担保制度的介绍。责任担保制度是指用一定的保证金、保险或其他形式的担保作为无船承运人赔偿责任的担保。美国的责任担保制度体系完整并对担保的适用条件等进行了系统规定；中国的责任担保制度品种单一，且担保额度较小。保险作为一种责任担保制度不仅在美国被广泛采用，FIATA也将责任保险作为行为人签发FIATA多式联运提单的前提，可见责任保险在无船承运业务领域的重要性。因此，文章在该部分详细分析了无船承运人责任保险的相关制度。
[Abstract]:With the booming development of container transportation, NVOCC has been recognized as the independent legal status of NVOCC for the first time in the United States Shipping Act 1984, and the system of NVOCC has been gradually improved in the following years. The regulations of the people's Republic of China on International Maritime Transport (hereinafter referred to as "Maritime regulations"), which came into effect on January 1, 2002, establish for the first time the legal system of non-ship carriers, and thus separate the non-ship carriers from freight forwarders. However, at present, the relevant system of China only involves administrative legal relations, and the civil liability of NVOCC is still regulated by the relevant civil and commercial laws such as Maritime Law and contract Law. As both carrier and shipper, NVOCC has its particularity in related liability. The lack of clear and specific regulations on the liability system of NVOCC under Chinese law has brought great confusion to the practical operation. This paper studies the liability system of NVOCC by means of comparative analysis. It is divided into three parts: the first part is an overview of NVOCC, and the definition of NVOCC is discussed in this paper. This paper briefly introduces the system of NVOCC in three aspects: the history of NVOCC and the history of NVOCC. The second part discusses the obligations and responsibilities of NVOCC. This part introduces the obligations and responsibilities of NVOCC under two different identities: carrier and shipper. As a carrier, the NVOCC has legal obligations such as seaworthiness, cargo management, and contract obligation to deliver goods by voucher. After paying the owner, the non-vessel carrier has the right to recover from the actual carrier who is liable. This paper further analyzes the problems of liability determination, liability limitation and liability sharing when the NVOCC is the carrier. This part also discusses the obligations and responsibilities of NVOCC as shipper to actual carrier. The non-ship carrier's commitment to the above obligations and responsibilities is not only common between the general carrier and the shipper, but also has its particularity, that is, the non-ship carrier is often accepted on behalf of people. The third part is the introduction of the non-ship carrier liability guarantee system. Liability guarantee system refers to using certain security, insurance or other forms of guarantee to guarantee the liability of NVOCC. The liability guarantee system in the United States is complete and the applicable conditions of the guarantee are systematically stipulated. In China, the liability guarantee system is of a single variety and the amount of guarantee is relatively small. As a kind of liability guarantee system, insurance is not only widely used in America, but also regarded as the premise of issuing FIATA multimodal bill of lading, which shows the importance of liability insurance in the field of non-ship transportation. Therefore, the article in this part of the detailed analysis of the liability of non-ship carrier insurance system.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D912.29;D913

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