国际海运承运人火灾免责举证责任问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 09:07

本文选题：火灾免责 + 适航义务　；参考：《大连海事大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于我国《海商法》对国际海运承运人火灾免责的举证责任的立法上存在着规定不足和解释不清之处,导致该项内容在实践应用中容易产生理解的偏差,影响了海事法院审理此类纠纷案件的工作效率。因此,法律应如何在火灾免责情况下对承运人和索赔方的举证责任做出公平合理的规定就成为了亟待解决的问题。所以,本文首先通过分析各国际公约对国际海运承运人火灾免责举证责任的规定,比较它们各自的适用特点和优势,总结出可以为我国《海商法》所吸收借鉴的合理内容。其次,运用举证责任分配的价值标准对火灾免责中各实体事项的举证责任进行分析。以前述法律依据和理论依据为基础,提出对我国《海商法》中火灾免责举证责任规定的立法补充和修改建议,以求为解决我国海事司法实践中的难题提供一定的帮助。本文共分为五章对以上思路和内容进行论证：第一章作为概述性的论述分五个部分介绍国际海运承运人火灾免责举证责任的相关内容。第一部分,简要介绍国际海运承运人火灾免责的含义。第二部分,分析国际海运承运人火灾免责的条件。第三部分,明确国际海运承运人火灾免责举证责任的内涵。第四部分,讨论国际海运承运人火灾免责举证责任的特殊性,总结出本文将要着重分析的在国际海运承运人火灾免责举证责任问题上具有争议的三个事项：第一,对承运人适航义务与管货义务的举证；第二,对火灾发生时间和原因的举证；第三,对承运人本人过错的举证。第五部分,分析本文研究国际海运承运人火灾免责实体事项举证责任的理论方法。为下文的比较研究做好理论铺垫,同时也为下文的进一步深化分析提供论述方向。第二章,第三章和第四章是本文的重点论述内容,分别讨论火灾免责与承运人适航义务和管货义务的关系及后两者的举证责任,火灾发生时间和原因的举证责任和承运人本人过错的举证责任。每一章都通过三个部分予以分析。第一部分,通过比较研究各国际公约对以上各实体内容举证责任的规定,明确国际立法的合理内容及发展趋势。第二部分,总结分析理论界对以上各实体内容举证责任承担的不同观点。第三部分,基于前两部分内容的讨论,经过合理深入的理论分析明确本文的观点。第五章,在细致分析我国《海商法》对国际海运承运人火灾免责举证责任规定的基础上,明确我国立法中存在的不足和缺陷。按照对上述四章内容所进行的完整分析和探讨,总结适合我国《海商法》国际海运承运人责任基础体系的,关于国际海运承运人主张火灾免责时所涉及各项实体内容举证责任的合理规定,进而提出完善我国对国际海运承运人火灾免责举证责任问题的立法建议。
[Abstract]:Due to the deficiency and unclear interpretation of the legislation on the burden of proof of the international maritime carrier fire exemption in Maritime Law of our country, it is easy to cause the deviation of understanding in the practical application of this content. It affects the efficiency of the maritime court in handling such disputes. Therefore, how the law should make a fair and reasonable provision on the burden of proof of the carrier and the claimant under the circumstances of fire exemption has become an urgent problem to be solved. Therefore, this paper firstly analyzes the provisions of the international conventions on the international maritime carrier fire exemption burden of proof, compares their respective applicable characteristics and advantages, and summarizes the reasonable content that can be used for reference by China's Maritime Law. Secondly, using the value standard of burden of proof to analyze the burden of proof in fire exemption. Based on the above-mentioned legal basis and theoretical basis, this paper puts forward the legislative supplement and amendment suggestions to the provisions of the fire exemption burden of proof in Maritime Law of China, in order to provide some help for solving the difficult problems in the maritime judicial practice of our country. This paper is divided into five chapters to demonstrate the above ideas and contents: the first chapter as an overview of the discussion is divided into five parts to introduce the international maritime carrier fire burden of proof of the relevant content. The first part briefly introduces the meaning of international marine carrier fire exemption. The second part, analyzes the international marine carrier fire exemption condition. The third part clarifies the connotation of the burden of proof of the international maritime carrier fire exemption. The fourth part discusses the particularity of the burden of proof of the international maritime carrier fire exemption, and summarizes three controversial issues on the international maritime carrier fire exemption burden of proof: first, The proof of the carrier's seaworthiness obligation and the duty to manage the cargo; the second, the proof of the time and cause of the fire; the third, the proof of the carrier's own fault. In the fifth part, the author analyzes the theory and method of the burden of proof of the fire exemption entity of the international marine carrier. It provides theoretical basis for the following comparative research, and also provides the discussion direction for the further analysis below. The second chapter, the third chapter and the fourth chapter are the emphases of this paper. The relationship between the fire exemption and the carrier's seaworthiness obligation and the cargo management obligation and the burden of proof of the latter two are discussed respectively. The burden of proof of the time and cause of the fire and the burden of proof of the carrier's fault. Each chapter is analyzed in three parts. The first part makes clear the reasonable content and development trend of international legislation through comparative study of the provisions of the burden of proof on the contents of each entity mentioned above in various international conventions. The second part summarizes the different viewpoints of the theoretical circle on the burden of proof. The third part, based on the first two parts of the discussion, through a reasonable and in-depth theoretical analysis to clarify the point of view of this paper. In the fifth chapter, on the basis of the detailed analysis of the provisions of the maritime law of our country on the burden of proof of fire exemption for international maritime carriers, it is clear that there are shortcomings and defects in the legislation of our country. In accordance with the complete analysis and discussion of the contents of the above four chapters, the author summarizes the basic liability system of international maritime carriers suitable for China's Maritime Law, The reasonable provisions of the burden of proof of the substance involved in the claim of the international marine carrier for fire exemption are put forward, and the legislative suggestions on how to perfect the burden of proof of the fire exemption of the international sea carrier in China are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.294

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