船舶留置权问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 21:22

【摘要】： 船舶留置权,即以船舶为客体的留置权,是与船舶优先权和船舶抵押权并列的一种独立的船舶担保物权类型。作为一种法定担保物权,船舶留置权在妥善维护特定债权人的合法利益,弘扬社会经济生活中的公平原则和诚信精神等诸多方面具有不可替代的作用,是现行船舶担保物权体系中最现实可靠的担保制度。然而,在当前的海事实践中,除造船人和修船人的船舶留置权以外,鲜见其他类型的船舶留置权。可以说,实务中船舶留置权固有的制度价值和功能远未得到全面的体现。这种不协调局面的出现,主要是我国海事立法以及相关国际公约未能正确审视船舶留置权内在的社会效用,过分侧重于船舶优先权人和船舶抵押权人的利益保护所致,无形中剥夺了潜在的船舶留置权人的应有权利,显属法律漏洞,亟待修正。有鉴于此,本文通过对船舶留置权现有法律规则和理论研究成果的分析和探讨,力图发现和解决船舶留置权不同层面上存在的若干问题,丰富和深化船舶留置权的理论体系,从学理的角度推动我国海商法框架下船舶留置权制度的完善,有效维护船舶留置权人的合法利益。本文在结构上可以划分为五个部分:第一部分是对船舶留置权的一些基本理论问题的简要分析和介绍,包括船舶留置权的含义、法律特征、法律地位、种类和客体等内容;第二部分论述的是船舶留置权的效力问题,包括船舶留置权所担保的债权范围、对留置权人、债务人和留置船舶所有人的效力及其在船舶担保物权体系中的受偿顺位,等等;第三部分从船舶留置权的取得和消灭两个角度对船舶留置权的变动问题进行了分析和阐述,并基于船舶留置权在实现条件、实现方式和实现程序上的特殊性对其实现问题作了简要的讨论;第四部分则根据民法上关于留置权“再生”的一般理论,对所谓船舶留置权的“再生”问题作了简要的探讨。同时,对类似的船舶留置权的“恢复”问题以及涉外案件中船舶留置权的法律适用给予了必要的说明;第五部分相当于本文的结论,阐述的是笔者关于完善我国船舶留置权制度的立法构想,分为实体法和程序法两个层面。
[Abstract]:The ship lien, which is the lien with the ship as the object, is an independent type of ship security interest which is parallel with the ship lien and the ship mortgage. As a kind of legal security right, the lien of ship plays an irreplaceable role in safeguarding the legitimate interests of the specific creditors, promoting the principle of fairness and the spirit of good faith in social and economic life, and so on. It is the most realistic and reliable guarantee system in the current system of ship security right. However, in the current maritime practice, there are few other types of ship lien except the ship lien of shipbuilders and shipbuilders. It can be said that the inherent system value and function of the ship lien in practice is far from being fully reflected. The emergence of this uncoordinated situation is mainly due to the failure of our maritime legislation and relevant international conventions to properly examine the inherent social utility of the lien on ships and to place too much emphasis on the protection of the interests of maritime liens and mortgagees. It deprives the potential lien owners of their due rights, which is an obvious loophole in the law and needs to be corrected. In view of this, through the analysis and discussion of the existing legal rules and theoretical research results of the ship lien, this paper tries to find and solve some problems existing in different levels of the ship lien, and enrich and deepen the theoretical system of the ship lien. From a theoretical point of view, it promotes the perfection of the system of ship lien under the framework of maritime law of our country, and effectively maintains the lawful interests of the shipowner. The structure of this paper can be divided into five parts: the first part is a brief analysis and introduction of some basic theoretical issues of the ship lien, including the meaning, legal characteristics, legal status, category and object of the ship lien; The second part deals with the validity of the ship lien, including the scope of the creditor's rights guaranteed by the ship lien, the validity of the lien, the debtor and the lien owner, and the order of repayment in the security interest system of the ship, and so on. The third part analyzes and expounds the change of the ship lien from the two angles of the acquisition and elimination of the ship lien, and based on the realization condition of the ship lien, In the fourth part, according to the general theory of "regeneration" of the lien in civil law, the "regeneration" of the so-called ship lien is briefly discussed. At the same time, it gives the necessary explanation to the "restoration" of the similar ship lien and the application of the law of the ship lien in the case involving foreign affairs; the fifth part is equivalent to the conclusion of this paper. This paper expounds the legislative conception of perfecting the system of ship lien in China, which is divided into two levels: substantive law and procedural law.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D996.19;D922.294

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