商业秘密保护中的竞业禁止若干问题研究
发布时间：2018-08-14 08:43
【摘要】： 商战不可无秘密。正是因为市场竞争的异常激烈,企业为在竞争中占据优势地位,将自己不为公众知悉且能为企业带来经济效益的技术信息或经营信息采取保密措施,使之成为自己拥有的商业秘密。然而,再严密的保护措施也会让别人找到疏漏之处进而通过不正当竞争方式侵权。在我国,随着市场经济的逐步完善与发展,人才的自由流动已成为一种必然趋势,不少职工频繁跳槽。由于许多跳槽的职工已掌握了原单位的商业秘密,该单位的竞争对手则不惜重金将其挖走。在高薪的利诱之下,许多职工纷纷跳槽,同时将其掌握的原企业的商业秘密披露给新的企业使用,致使原企业的竞争优势大打折扣,经济损失惨重。此外,离职职工利用原企业的商业秘密另起炉灶、自行创业的现象也相当的普遍。为此企业往往求助于竞业禁止制度来限制企业人员流向竞争者的企业。通过竞业禁止制度的建立,可以在一定程度上有效防止经济生活中日益猖獗的商业秘密侵权行为。 竞业禁止原是西方发达国家的雇主对雇员所采取的以保护其商业秘密为目的的一种法律保护措施。随着世界各国市场竞争的激烈化,其适用范围日渐扩大,已成为民商法中的一个重要法律制度。竞业禁止有广狭二义,本文研究的是狭义上的竞业禁止制度,是指对与特定营业具有特定民事法律关系的特定人所为的竞争性特定行为的禁止。竞业禁止法律关系的双方当事人之间具有特定的民事法律关系。竞业禁止所要限制的行为,实质上是一种广义上的不正当竞争行为,其义务来源于法律规定或者当事人约定。竞业禁止的理论依据是经济学上的“代理成本理论”、法学上的诚实信用和忠实义务原则、契约自由原则与合理限制竞争原则。竞业禁止的制度价值在于保护企业的商业秘密、促使企业高级管理人员勤勉敬业,从而达到保护企业利益的最终目的。但是,目前,我国商业秘密保护中的竞业禁止制度尚未形成完备的法律体系。由于法律制度的不完善使得在现实中,企业与员工签订竞业禁止协议或条款时,出现种种的不规范,如竞业禁止期间过长、适用对象过宽泛,竞业禁止范围过大等等,严重损害了劳动者的合法权益。在司法实践中,如何有效保护企业的商业秘密,而又充分维护劳动者的合法权益,成为一个亟待解决的问题。本文试图运用比较分析、价值分析等法学和经济学的思考方法,对商业秘密与竞业禁止的基本问题,我国商业秘密保护中竞业禁止的立法思路与法律保护模式,我国约定竞业禁止的立法、司法现状和存在的问题以及约定竞业禁止纠纷的解决等问题进行探讨。以期对我国商业秘密保护中竞业禁止的立法起到一些借鉴作用,使我国商业秘密保护中的竞业禁止制度能更有力的保护商业秘密,维护公平竞争的社会秩序。 文章从商业秘密保护着手,以此作为讨论竞业禁止问题的前提,认为人才流动是引起商业秘密流失的重要途径,而建立竞业禁止制度是保护商业秘密的一种有效的方式。文章接着论述了竞业禁止的含义及其相关法理,提出我国对商业秘密保护中竞业禁止应采取“慎重肯定与严格限制”的立法思路和法律保护模式。针对我国约定竞业禁止的现状,本文从立法、司法等方面提出了一些可行的完善建议。探讨了约定竞业禁止的合法要件,认为应当从采用约定竞业禁止的前提、承担义务的主体范围、限制择业的范围、限制的期限、限制的地域范围以、合理的补偿及竞业禁止协议的形式等方面规范约定竞业禁止的运用。对约定竞业禁止纠纷的解决应采取特殊的解决机制,如实行双重认定标准、举证责任倒置、借鉴国外禁令制度等。 法律的生命在于实践,研究商业秘密保护中的竞业禁止制度,就是要用合理的竞业禁止制度限制不正当竞争行为的发生,实实在在的保护市场经济中健康有序的竞争环境和商业秘密权利人的合法权益,阻止行为人破坏市场竞争秩序和侵犯商业秘密的不法意图;就是要用合理的竞业禁止制度限制商业秘密权人,不得滥用竞业禁止,对劳动者课以沉重的负担,保护劳动者的合法权利不受侵害。竞业禁止作为商业秘密保护的重要手段,其在立法上的完善关乎商业秘密保护体系的建立、劳动者合法权益的保护以及市场经济有序竞争秩序的维护与健康发展。因此,对商业秘密保护中的竞业禁止的研究是极具理论和现实意义的。
[Abstract]:It is precisely because of the fierce competition in the market that enterprises take secret measures to make their own trade secrets in order to occupy an advantageous position in the competition and make their own technical or business information which is unknown to the public and can bring economic benefits to the enterprises. In China, with the gradual improvement and development of the market economy, the free flow of talents has become an inevitable trend, and many workers frequently change jobs. Under the lure of high salary, many workers change jobs one after another, and at the same time disclose the trade secrets of the original enterprise to the new enterprise, which greatly reduces the competitive advantage of the original enterprise and causes heavy economic losses. Enterprises often resort to non-competition system to restrict the flow of business personnel to competitors. The establishment of non-competition system can effectively prevent the increasingly rampant infringement of business secrets in economic life to a certain extent.
Prohibition of business strife is a kind of legal protection measure taken by employers in western developed countries to protect their employees'trade secrets. With the intensification of market competition in the world, its scope of application has become an important legal system in civil and commercial law. Prohibition of business strife has broad and narrow meanings. This paper studies it in a narrow sense. The system of prohibition of business strife refers to the prohibition of specific acts of competition by a specific person with a specific civil legal relationship with a particular business. The theoretical basis of non-competition is the "agency cost theory" in economics, the principle of good faith and loyalty in law, the principle of freedom of contract and the principle of reasonable restriction of competition. However, at present, the system of prohibition of business strife in the protection of trade secrets in China has not yet formed a complete legal system. In judicial practice, how to effectively protect the business secrets of enterprises and fully safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers has become an urgent problem to be solved. This paper attempts to use comparative analysis, value analysis and other legal methods. This paper discusses the basic problems of trade secrets and prohibition of business strife, the legislative thinking and legal protection mode of prohibition of business strife in the protection of trade secrets, the legislation of prohibition of business strife by agreement, the present judicial situation and existing problems, and the settlement of disputes over prohibition of business strife by agreement. The legislation of prohibition of business strife in secret protection can be used for reference, which makes the system of prohibition of business strife in the protection of business secrets more effective in protecting business secrets and maintaining the social order of fair competition.
Starting from the protection of trade secrets, this paper takes it as the premise of discussing the prohibition of business strife, and holds that the flow of talents is an important way to cause the loss of trade secrets, and the establishment of the prohibition system of business strife is an effective way to protect trade secrets. The legislative thinking and legal protection mode of "cautious affirmation and strict restriction" should be adopted in the prohibition of non-competition in secret protection. In view of the present situation of the prohibition of non-competition by agreement in China, this paper puts forward some feasible suggestions from the aspects of legislation and judicature, discusses the legal requirements of the prohibition of non-competition by agreement, and holds that the prohibition of non-competition by agreement should be adopted before. The scope of the subject of the obligation, the scope of choosing a job, the time limit, the geographical scope of the restriction, the reasonable compensation and the form of non-competition agreement should be standardized. Draw lessons from the foreign injunction system.
The life of law lies in practice. To study the system of non-competition in the protection of trade secrets is to restrict the occurrence of unfair competition with a reasonable system of non-competition, to protect the healthy and orderly competition environment in the market economy and the legitimate rights and interests of the obligee of trade secrets, to prevent the perpetrator from destroying the order of market competition and to prevent the perpetrator from destroying the order of market The illegal intention of infringing trade secrets is to restrict the right holder of trade secrets with a reasonable system of prohibition of business strife, not to abuse the prohibition of business strife, impose a heavy burden on laborers and protect their legitimate rights from infringement. The establishment of the protection system, the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of workers, and the maintenance and healthy development of the orderly competition order in the market economy, therefore, the study on the prohibition of competition in the protection of trade secrets is of great theoretical and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D922.29;D923.4
[Abstract]:It is precisely because of the fierce competition in the market that enterprises take secret measures to make their own trade secrets in order to occupy an advantageous position in the competition and make their own technical or business information which is unknown to the public and can bring economic benefits to the enterprises. In China, with the gradual improvement and development of the market economy, the free flow of talents has become an inevitable trend, and many workers frequently change jobs. Under the lure of high salary, many workers change jobs one after another, and at the same time disclose the trade secrets of the original enterprise to the new enterprise, which greatly reduces the competitive advantage of the original enterprise and causes heavy economic losses. Enterprises often resort to non-competition system to restrict the flow of business personnel to competitors. The establishment of non-competition system can effectively prevent the increasingly rampant infringement of business secrets in economic life to a certain extent.
Prohibition of business strife is a kind of legal protection measure taken by employers in western developed countries to protect their employees'trade secrets. With the intensification of market competition in the world, its scope of application has become an important legal system in civil and commercial law. Prohibition of business strife has broad and narrow meanings. This paper studies it in a narrow sense. The system of prohibition of business strife refers to the prohibition of specific acts of competition by a specific person with a specific civil legal relationship with a particular business. The theoretical basis of non-competition is the "agency cost theory" in economics, the principle of good faith and loyalty in law, the principle of freedom of contract and the principle of reasonable restriction of competition. However, at present, the system of prohibition of business strife in the protection of trade secrets in China has not yet formed a complete legal system. In judicial practice, how to effectively protect the business secrets of enterprises and fully safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers has become an urgent problem to be solved. This paper attempts to use comparative analysis, value analysis and other legal methods. This paper discusses the basic problems of trade secrets and prohibition of business strife, the legislative thinking and legal protection mode of prohibition of business strife in the protection of trade secrets, the legislation of prohibition of business strife by agreement, the present judicial situation and existing problems, and the settlement of disputes over prohibition of business strife by agreement. The legislation of prohibition of business strife in secret protection can be used for reference, which makes the system of prohibition of business strife in the protection of business secrets more effective in protecting business secrets and maintaining the social order of fair competition.
Starting from the protection of trade secrets, this paper takes it as the premise of discussing the prohibition of business strife, and holds that the flow of talents is an important way to cause the loss of trade secrets, and the establishment of the prohibition system of business strife is an effective way to protect trade secrets. The legislative thinking and legal protection mode of "cautious affirmation and strict restriction" should be adopted in the prohibition of non-competition in secret protection. In view of the present situation of the prohibition of non-competition by agreement in China, this paper puts forward some feasible suggestions from the aspects of legislation and judicature, discusses the legal requirements of the prohibition of non-competition by agreement, and holds that the prohibition of non-competition by agreement should be adopted before. The scope of the subject of the obligation, the scope of choosing a job, the time limit, the geographical scope of the restriction, the reasonable compensation and the form of non-competition agreement should be standardized. Draw lessons from the foreign injunction system.
The life of law lies in practice. To study the system of non-competition in the protection of trade secrets is to restrict the occurrence of unfair competition with a reasonable system of non-competition, to protect the healthy and orderly competition environment in the market economy and the legitimate rights and interests of the obligee of trade secrets, to prevent the perpetrator from destroying the order of market competition and to prevent the perpetrator from destroying the order of market The illegal intention of infringing trade secrets is to restrict the right holder of trade secrets with a reasonable system of prohibition of business strife, not to abuse the prohibition of business strife, impose a heavy burden on laborers and protect their legitimate rights from infringement. The establishment of the protection system, the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of workers, and the maintenance and healthy development of the orderly competition order in the market economy, therefore, the study on the prohibition of competition in the protection of trade secrets is of great theoretical and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D922.29;D923.4
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