票据对价法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 10:36

【摘要】：票据对价法律问题在我国票据法的理论与实务中都是一个比较新的课题，但是其所涉及的问题却极有挑战性。从国际范围上看，尽管有的国家在票据法中没有明文规定“票据对价”，但并不意味着票据对价无足轻重。它具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。我国在票据法中首次引入了“票据对价”，这是一个突破，，然而在商法理论界对这个问题的系统研究在广度和深度方面尚显薄弱。本文在参考、借鉴各种学术著作的基础上，通过深入思考，对票据对价制度进行系统化的研究，并提出了笔者的一些看法和意见，希望对我国票据对价问题的研究有所帮助。全文共分为四个部分。第一部分主要是票据对价的一般理论解析，建立起票据对价的基本理论框架。1、介绍票据对价的含义。通过总结国际上关于票据对价的比较权威的几种说法，笔者认为应当将票据对价定义为，票据对价是给付票据的双方当事人按照双方认可的相对应的代价进行票据交换，是票据活动中必须遵循的一项重要准则。2、全面系统分析票据对价的法律规则。用举例的方法，通过比较票据对价与合同对价得出票据对价适用的法律规则。包括以下几个方面，票据对价是主观与客观的统一；票据对价可以是现在的、可以是将来的、也可以是过去的；票据对价必须真实，并且可以扩大适用到第三人；不充分的票据对价可能构成对价不真实或欺诈的证据；票据对价必须合法；票据对价必须是可以执行的；票据对价不能决定所取得票据权利的多少。第二部分着重讨论票据对价的价值。这部分笔者是从法哲学价值和现实法律效果两个方面来阐述的。1、法律价值体现，主要是票据对价对法律所追求的价值目标的实现作用，法律所追求的价值目标是秩序、自由、效率和正义，票据对价的存在对这四个方面的作用都不可小觑。2、票据对价的法律效果。票据对价对票据法的其他方面有不同的影响，从四个角度分析，即票据对价与票据的无因性的关系，得出结论，票据对价可以弥补无因性带来的缺陷；票据对价与票据的善意取得的关系，票据对价是票据的善意取得的一个必备条件；票据对价与票据抗辩的关系，票据对价可以成为票据抗辩的事由，无对价 WP=42 的抗辩是抗辩限制的例外；票据没有给付对价而取得票据的情况。第三部分是两大票据法体系对于票据对价的态度分析。这部分首先讨论了为什么要比较这两大票据法体系；其次是两大票据法体系关于票据对价的冲突；最后是两大票据法体系关于票据对价的协调。第四部分是我国票据对价制度的缺陷和完善。笔者主要是总结了我国票据对价的相关司法案例，旨在表明我国票据对价在实践中存在的问题和实用情况，作为一个铺垫，然后分析了我国票据对价制度中存在的缺陷，最后研究我国票据对价制度的完善。重点在于最后，即结合票据对价的缺陷提出的几点意见，一是从宏观上看，应当加大对票据对价的研究力度；二是从微观上看，明确几个含义，即“对价规则”，“前手”，“票据对价与取得对价”；并且票据对价是取得票据并享有票据权利的要件之一，但不是唯一的条件，还需要有主观上的因素；笔者建议在法律中增加不相应对价的规定，使依照规定推出的结论与民商法的宗旨相一致。
[Abstract]:The legal issue of negotiable instruments consideration is a relatively new topic in the theory and practice of our country's negotiable instruments law, but the problems involved are extremely challenging. In the international scope, although some countries do not explicitly stipulate "negotiable instruments consideration" in the negotiable instruments law, it does not mean that negotiable instruments consideration is of little importance. Significance and practical significance. It is a breakthrough to introduce "negotiable instrument consideration" into the negotiable instrument law for the first time in China. However, the systematic research on this issue in the field of commercial law is still weak in breadth and depth. This paper systematizes the negotiable instrument consideration system on the basis of reference and learning from various academic works. The paper is divided into four parts.
The first part is mainly the general theoretical analysis of the consideration of negotiable instruments, establishing the basic theoretical framework of the consideration of negotiable instruments.1, introducing the meaning of the consideration of negotiable instruments. It is an important criterion that must be followed in negotiable instrument activities to exchange negotiable instruments at the corresponding cost. 2. To analyze the legal rules of negotiable instruments consideration comprehensively and systematically. Unification; Consideration of negotiable instruments can be present, future or past; Consideration of negotiable instruments must be true and can be extended to third parties; Inadequate consideration of negotiable instruments may constitute evidence of untruthfulness or fraud; Consideration of negotiable instruments must be legal; Consideration of negotiable instruments must be enforceable; Consideration of negotiable instruments must be enforceable. The price does not determine the right of the negotiable instrument.
The second part focuses on the value of negotiable instruments. This part of the author from the value of legal philosophy and practical legal effects to elaborate. The legal effect of negotiable instrument consideration has different influence on other aspects of negotiable instrument law. This paper analyzes the relationship between negotiable instrument consideration and negotiable instrument non-causality from four angles and draws a conclusion that negotiable instrument consideration can make up for the defects caused by non-causality; negotiable instrument consideration and good faith of negotiable instrument. Consideration of negotiable instruments is a necessary condition for the bona fide acquisition of negotiable instruments. Consideration of negotiable instruments can become the cause of negotiable instruments'defence without consideration.
WP=42
The defense is the exception of the defense restriction; the bill does not pay the consideration to obtain the bill.
The third part is an analysis of the attitudes of the two major negotiable instruments law systems toward negotiable instruments.
The fourth part is the defect and perfection of the negotiable instruments consideration system in our country.The author mainly summarizes the relevant judicial cases of the negotiable instruments consideration in our country, aiming to show the problems and practical situation in the practice of the negotiable instruments consideration in our country. The key point lies in the perfection of the price system. The last point is that the paper puts forward some suggestions in combination with the defects of the bill consideration. First, from the macroscopic point of view, the study of the bill consideration should be strengthened. Second, from the microscopic point of view, it is clear that there are several meanings, namely, "the consideration rules", "the forehand", "the bill consideration and the acquisition consideration"; and the bill consideration is to obtain the ticket. According to and enjoy the rights of negotiable instruments is one of the important conditions, but not the only conditions, but also need subjective factors; the author proposes to add the provisions of unreasonable prices in the law, so as to make the conclusions drawn in accordance with the provisions consistent with the purpose of civil and commercial law.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D912.28

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