意思表示理论问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-16 12:21

【摘要】：意思表示理论是大陆法系民法中的重要理论，以萨维尼为代表的历史法学派以之为核心而建立的法律行为学说与制度是对大陆法系民法传统的一个伟大的创造。科学的意思表示理论的建立对建构科学的法律行为制度，进而适应现代社会高速发展而导致的法律行为多样化与发展化的需要、完善民法体系、指导具体法律行为的立法与司法，乃至学习与研究民法都具有重大的理论意义与现实意义。从个人私利与社会公共利益的不同角度出发来观察，意思表示具有不同的构成要素。从表意人的私利考量，意思表示应追求其真意，由效果意思、行为意思、表示意思与表示行为四要素构成；但是，从维护三人的信赖利益与社会交易安全出发，表意人的任何“表示”都是其有意义的表达，所以，意思表示仅以表意人的表示行为为要素。现代大陆法系各国均采用折中的意思表示构成要素观来建构其意思表示理论与制度。以折中主义的意思表示构成观为基础，已成立的意思表示的生效以其主体适格；内容确定、可能、合法、正当：能为外人所感知为条件，这儿个条件完全具备是意思表示的常态，但是不完全具备也常有之，其中的任何一个条件不具备或不完全具备时便会影响到意思表示的效力。除意思表示的有效要件外，意思表示的生效时间、附款对其是否生效与何时生效具有重要影响，意思表示解释也对其发生何种内容的效力起着重要作用。中国民法继承了大际法系意思表示理论的核心内容，并力图在司法实践中结合中国的国情而有所发展。但是，在意思表示构成L没有明确价值取向，意思表示构成含混不清，在意思表示效力规定上尚有众多不周延、不科学的地方。中国应在全面借鉴大陆法系意思表示理论的基础上，针对民法与商法的不同价值倾向与本质，建筑科学的意思表示构成观，周延地规定意思表示的生效要件，，并在实践中总结、发展这一理论，这对制定一部科学、完整的民法典，完善民法的体系与结构具有重大意义。本文以意思表示的效力为主线，先后分析了意思的构成要件、生效要件、影响效力的其它要素，从比较法的视角来考察大陆法系各国的具体规定。并与中国民法的具体规定和中国实践的具体情况相对比，提出了在继承与发展的历史之交，中国民法如何适用与发展意思表示理论的具体方案。关键词:意思表示法律行为表意人相对人法律效力
[Abstract]:The theory of expression of will is an important theory in the civil law of the continental law system. The theory and system of legal behavior established by the historical school of law represented by Savini is a great creation of the tradition of civil law in the civil law system of the continental law system. The establishment of the theory of scientific expression of will help to construct a scientific system of legal behavior, and then adapt to the needs of diversification and development of legal acts resulting from the rapid development of modern society, and perfect the system of civil law. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to guide the legislation and judicature of specific legal acts, and even to study and study civil law. From the point of view of personal interest and social public interest, the expression of will has different elements. From the perspective of the self-interest of the ideographer, the expression of will should pursue its true meaning, which consists of four elements: the effect of meaning, the meaning of behavior, the meaning of expression and the act of expression; however, in order to maintain the trust interests of the three persons and the safety of social transactions, Any "representation" of the ideographer is its meaningful expression, so the expression of will is only based on the expressive behavior of the ideographer. In modern civil law countries, the theory and system of expression of will are constructed by the concept of compromises of the constituent elements of will expression. Based on the concept of compromises in the expression of will, the validity of the established expression of will is based on its subject qualification; the determination of the content, the possibility, the legality, the legitimacy: the ability to be perceived by the outsider as a condition, The complete possession of a condition here is the norm of the expression of will, but it is often not fully possessed, and any of these conditions affect the effectiveness of the expression of intention when it is not or is not fully available. In addition to the effective elements of the expression of intention, the effective time of the expression of intention and the attachment have an important effect on whether and when the expression of intention becomes effective, The explanation of the expression of intention also plays an important role in the effect of what it takes place. China's civil law inherits the core content of the theory of expression of will in the great international law system and tries to develop in the judicial practice in combination with China's national conditions. However, when the expression of will constitutes L, there is no clear value orientation, and the expression of will constitutes ambiguity. In the meaning of the effectiveness of the provisions there are a number of incomprehensible, unscientific place. On the basis of drawing lessons from the theory of expression of will in civil law system, China should aim at the different value tendency and essence of civil law and commercial law, and the concept of constitution of expression of will in architectural science. Zhou Yancheng stipulated the effective requirements for the expression of will, and summed up and developed the theory in practice, which contributed to the formulation of a science. It is of great significance to complete the civil code and perfect the system and structure of civil law. This paper takes the effectiveness of the expression of will as the main line, analyzes the constituent elements of the will, the effective elements, and other factors that affect the effectiveness. From the perspective of comparative law, the specific provisions of civil law countries are investigated. Compared with the specific provisions of Chinese civil law and the specific situation of China's practice, this paper puts forward the historical turn of inheritance and development. How to apply and develop the theory of expression of will in Chinese civil law. Key words: the legal act means the legal effect of the relative party
【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D923

【共引文献】