《鹿特丹规则》完善托运人制度的新尝试

发布时间：2018-08-16 09:05

【摘要】： 历时十几年的《联合国全程或部分国际海上货物运输合同公约》(又称《鹿特丹规则》已于2008年12月11日在联合国大会上正式通过,并于2009年9月23日在荷兰鹿特丹举行了签字仪式。公约旨在统一现行国际货物运输法,促进国际贸易和海运实践的发展。《鹿特丹规则》以全新的立法思想作指导,对托运人法律制度作出了诸多重大变革。首先,对贷方主体进行新的细化和分类,设置托运人、单证托运人法律主体,并对托运人、单证托运人的权利义务进行了规范。其次,《鹿特丹规则》首次将贸易法领域法律制度引入运输法领域,形成了控制权、权利转让,以求更好的衔接国际货物买卖合同与国际海上货物运输合同,使得货方主体的部分贸易合同权利能够在运输环节得到延续。本文在回顾现行国际海上货物运输公约的相关法律制度的基础上,分析《鹿特丹规则》下托运人法律制度的优缺点后,发现《鹿特丹规则》构建的托运人法律制度能够顺应集装箱化运输、电子商务的运用以及多式联运等新兴的海运实践的需要。但是《：鹿特丹规则》下的托运人制度与我国海商法相比,对于fob贸易条件下卖方权益的保护有所减少,倘若《鹿特丹规则》被国际社会所接受,对于我国大量存在的fob贸易条件的出口商而言,必将增大他们进行国际贸易的风险。笔者试图从海运实践的角度,为我国出口商提供切实可行的解决办法,尽量规避《鹿特丹规则》下托运人法律制度带来的风险。
[Abstract]:The United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Carriage of goods wholly or partly by Sea (also known as the Rotterdam rules), which lasted for more than ten years, was formally adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 11, 2008. A signing ceremony was held in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, on September 23, 2009. The purpose of the convention is to unify the current international freight transport law and to promote the development of international trade and maritime transport practice. The Rotterdam rules, guided by new legislative ideas, have made many major changes to the shipper's legal system. First of all, the credit parties are classified and classified, and the legal subjects of shipper and documentary shipper are set up, and the rights and obligations of shippers and documentary shippers are regulated. Secondly, for the first time, the Rotterdam rules introduced the legal regime in the field of trade law into the field of transport law, forming the transfer of control and rights in order to better link the international contract for the sale of goods with the contract for the international carriage of goods by sea. So that part of the contract rights of the parties can be extended in the transport link. On the basis of reviewing the relevant legal systems of the current Convention on the International Carriage of goods by Sea, this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the shipper's legal system under the Rotterdam rules. It is found that the shippers' legal system constructed by the Rotterdam rules can meet the needs of the new shipping practice such as containerized transportation, the application of electronic commerce and multimodal transport. However, the shipper system under the Rotterdam rules has less protection for the seller's rights and interests under the fob trade conditions than the maritime law of our country. If the Rotterdam rules are accepted by the international community, For China's large number of exporters of fob terms of trade, they will increase the risk of international trade. From the point of view of shipping practice, the author tries to provide Chinese exporters with practical solutions to avoid the risks brought by the shipper's legal system under the Rotterdam rules as far as possible.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D996.19

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