船舶担保物权实现程序问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-06 17:40

【摘要】：我国《海商法》对船舶抵押权、船舶优先权和船舶留置权等船舶担保物权作出了实体法规定,但是对于船舶担保物权的实现程序没有相应的程序性规定。因此,一直以来,船舶担保物权的实现都是依附于主债权通过诉讼程序实现的。2013年1月1日生效的《民事诉讼法》新增“实现担保物权案件”一节,明确了担保物权的实现采取非讼方式的程序,并且,根据《民事诉讼法》的规定,担保物权实现的非讼程序的实体法依据是《物权法》等法律规定,因此《海商法》关于船舶担保物权的实现同样可以适用该程序。以往海事实践中,由于船舶优先权的实现需要通过法院扣押船舶的方式行使。因此,船舶抵押权和船舶留置权的实现受到船舶优先权的影响,一般也是通过法院扣押船舶的方式实现。担保物权实现程序为船舶担保物权的独立实现提供了可能,在一定程度上可以减弱船舶优先权对船舶留置权和船舶抵押权实现的影响。担保物权实现程序在民事诉讼中处于初期,还没有积累丰富的实践经验,而且船舶担保物权与一般担保物权有很大的不同,一般担保物权实现的程序规则也不能完全套用。因此,研究船舶担保物权实现程序的相关问题,可以使得《民事诉讼法》.的规定能在海商领域有效运用,更好地发挥船舶担保物权的担保功能。本文主要以我国的《海商法》、《物权法》、《海事诉讼特别程序法》、《民事诉讼法》等为依据,结合诉讼程序的相关法理,从法律的整体上研究船舶担保物权的实现程序,试图对船舶担保物权实现程序有一个体系化的认识。本文分为四部分,第一部分界定了船舶担保物权实现程序的概念,指出船舶担保物权实现程序为非讼程序,并且分析了船舶担保物权实现程序的特殊性。第二部分探讨了船舶担保物权实现程序的管辖法院确定,主要探讨了地域管辖中确定管辖法院的考量因素,船舶扣押程序对于确定管辖法院的影响,并指出在发生管辖权冲突的情况下,申请人约定的管辖法院与船舶扣押地的法院具有优先管辖权。第三部分分析了船舶担保物权实现程序的适格申请人,一类是《海商法》直接规定的船舶担保物权人；第二类是根据《物权法》及《海商法》中相关规定,其他有权申请实现船舶担保物权的人,主要对其他船舶优先权人、其他船舶留置权人和船舶留置权人进行了讨论。第四部分概括分析了船舶担保物权实现程序的一些程序规则,主要分析了船舶担保物权启动程序的实现条件、申请人应提交的材料、法院的审查标准,以及船舶担保物权实现程序与其他相关程序的衔接及转化等。
[Abstract]:The maritime law of our country provides for the real rights of ship security, such as ship mortgage, ship lien and ship lien, but there are no corresponding procedural provisions for the realization procedure of ship security right. Therefore, the realization of security interest in ships has always been dependent on the realization of the principal creditor's rights through the proceedings. The Civil procedure Law, which came into effect on January 1, 2013, has added the section "case of realizing Security interest". It is clear that the procedure for the realization of security real right is non-litigation, and, according to the provisions of the Civil procedure Law, the substantive law basis of the non-litigation procedure for the realization of security real right is the legal provisions such as the property Law, etc. Therefore, the maritime law on the realization of security interests in ships can also be applied to this procedure. In the past maritime practice, because of the realization of maritime lien, it is necessary to use the court to arrest the ship. Therefore, the realization of ship mortgage and ship lien is affected by the maritime lien, which is generally realized by the arrest of the ship by the court. The realization procedure of security interest provides the possibility for the independent realization of ship security right, and to some extent can weaken the influence of maritime lien on the realization of ship lien and ship mortgage. The procedure for the realization of security interest is in the initial stage of civil litigation, but it has not accumulated rich practical experience. Moreover, there is a great difference between the real right of ship security and that of general security right, and the procedural rules for the realization of general security right can not be completely applied. Therefore, the study of the procedures for the realization of ship security interests can make the Civil procedure Law. The regulations can be used effectively in the field of maritime business, and play a better role in the guarantee function of ship security interest. Based on the maritime law, the real right law, the special procedure law of maritime litigation and the civil procedure law of our country, combined with the relevant legal principles of the litigation procedure, this paper studies the realization procedure of the real right of the ship security from the whole legal point of view. This paper tries to have a systematic understanding of the realization procedure of ship security right. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part defines the concept of the realization procedure of ship security right, points out that the realization procedure of ship security interest is a non-litigation procedure, and analyzes the particularity of the realization procedure of ship security right. The second part discusses the determination of the court of jurisdiction in the process of realizing the real right of ship security, mainly discusses the consideration factors of determining the court of jurisdiction in the territorial jurisdiction, and the influence of the procedure of arrest of the ship on the determination of the court of jurisdiction. It is also pointed out that in the case of conflicts of jurisdiction, the court of jurisdiction agreed upon by the applicant and the court of the place where the ship is arrested have priority jurisdiction. The third part analyzes the suitable applicants for the process of realizing the real right of ship security, one is the person in charge of the ship security directly stipulated in Maritime Law, the other is according to the relevant provisions of the Real right Law and the Maritime Law. Other persons who have the right to apply for the realization of security interest in ships mainly discuss other maritime liens, other lien holders and shipowners. The fourth part analyzes some procedural rules of the realization procedure of ship security right, mainly analyzes the realization conditions of the ship security interest starting procedure, the material to be submitted by the applicant, and the examination standard of the court. And the realization procedure of ship security right and other related procedures, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.294

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