船舶碰撞民事责任法律问题研究
发布时间：2018-09-07 07:53
【摘要】：一直以来,船舶碰撞损害民事责任都是航海界与海事司法界所关注的热点问题。尽管国际组织以及各国为解决船舶碰撞的民事责任制定了一系列的国际公约与法律法规,但由此而引发的各类问题仍困扰着理论界和实务界。因此,对船舶碰撞民事责任相关的法律问题进行研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。 本文对船舶碰撞民事责任的研究并非面面俱到,而是用侵权法的基本理论为原理,以我国相关立法和司法实践为核心,从实现民事损害赔偿目的出发,着重围绕船舶碰撞所涉及的责任主体、归责原则、损害赔偿、司法管辖和法律适用等主要法律问题,对船舶碰撞民事责任这一专题进行系统、深入的研究,并针对当前我国船舶碰撞民事责任立法中存在的问题和不足,提出修改的意见和建议,为完善我国船舶碰撞民事责任法律制度提供了一些理论依据和参考。 本文共分六章。 第一章是“船舶碰撞民事责任的概述”。该章主要对船舶碰撞概念的内涵外延、船舶碰撞的构成要件、船舶碰撞民事责任的概念和分类等方面所涉及的基础理论进行阐述。同时,结合具体的案例,重点对船舶碰撞概念界定上存在的争议进行了比较分析,得出“船舶碰撞”概念应由内涵和外延两部分构成,其中,“船舶碰撞”内涵是1910年《碰撞公约》第1条和我国《海商法》第165条规定的内容,外延是1910年《碰撞公约》第13条和我国《海商法》第170条规定的内容,内涵和外延一起构成船舶碰撞的完整概念。 第二章是“船舶碰撞损害赔偿的责任主体”。根据我国在船舶碰撞民事责任方面的立法实践,结合英国、日本等国家成功的立法经验,提出确定船舶碰撞民事责任主体的三个原则,即责任自负原则、替代责任原则、管理和控制船舶原则,依据上述原则,对船舶碰撞责任主体进行分析与判定,明确了认定船舶所有人、光船租赁人、船舶经营人等各类责任主体承担碰撞责任的标准和原则。 第三章是“船舶碰撞民事责任的归责原则”。本章从一般侵权法的归责原则入手,对归责的含义、归责的原则、归责的体系等进行了系统的分析和研究。同时,结合国际公约、我国及域外其他国家和地区的立法规定,对船舶碰撞归责具有的一般侵权特征和特殊侵权特征进行了分析,提出我国船舶碰撞民事责任的归责原则应采取过错责任原则,并重点解析了船舶碰撞中独特的“比例过失责任原则”。此外,本章还介绍了船舶油污归责原则及其确立原因。 第四章是“船舶碰撞损害赔偿的范围”。本章从分析船舶碰撞损害赔偿的基本理论着手,对船舶碰撞损害赔偿的概念、法律特征、当事人、赔偿原则等进行阐释,并根据国际公约以及国内法有关船舶碰撞损害赔偿的规定,针对船舶全损、船舶部分损失以及人身损害赔偿三种情况,分别阐述了船舶碰撞损害赔偿范围和赔偿计算方式。 第五章是“船舶碰撞司法管辖权和法律适用”。本章第一节从船舶碰撞管辖权概念、管辖权存在积极冲突的原因以及解决管辖权冲突应遵循的原则等方面对船舶碰撞管辖权进行了详细的分析和评介。第二节从国际法和国内法的关系、国际法在我国国内的实践入手,梳理了我国涉外船舶碰撞法律适用的主要问题,并就公海碰撞、约定管辖等几种特殊情况的涉外碰撞法律适用问题进行了探讨,提出处理意见。 第六章是“完善我国船舶碰撞立法的建议”。本章论述了我国船舶碰撞立法的现状和修改的必要性,在船舶碰撞概念的界定、船舶碰撞的责任主体、归责原则以及法律适用等方面对我国相关立法提出具体的修改意见。
[Abstract]:Civil liability for ship collision damage has always been a hot issue in the maritime and maritime judicial circles. Although international organizations and countries have formulated a series of international conventions and laws and regulations for the settlement of civil liability for ship collision, various problems arising therefrom still puzzle the theoretical and practical circles. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the legal issues related to civil liability for collision.
The research on civil liability for ship collision in this paper is not all-inclusive, but based on the basic theory of tort law, with the relevant legislation and judicial practice as the core, starting from the realization of the purpose of civil damage compensation, focusing on the subject of liability involved in ship collision, the principle of imputation, damage compensation, judicial jurisdiction and legal application. To solve the legal problems, this paper makes a systematic and in-depth study on the topic of civil liability for ship collision, and puts forward some suggestions and suggestions for amending the current legislation of civil liability for ship collision, which provides some theoretical basis and reference for perfecting the legal system of civil liability for ship collision in China.
This article is divided into six chapters.
Chapter one is "an overview of civil liability for ship collision". This chapter mainly expounds the basic theories involved in the connotation and extension of the concept of ship collision, the constitutive requirements of ship collision, the concept and classification of civil liability for ship collision, etc. Through comparative analysis, it is concluded that the concept of "collision of ships" should be composed of connotation and extension. The connotation of "collision of ships" is the content stipulated in Article 1 of the 1910 Collision Convention and Article 165 of the Maritime Law of China. The extension is the content, connotation and extension of Article 13 of the 1910 Collision Convention and Article 170 of the Maritime Law of China. It constitutes a complete concept of ship collision.
The second chapter is "the subject of liability for damages in ship collision". According to the legislative practice of China in civil liability for ship collision and the successful legislative experience of Britain, Japan and other countries, three principles are proposed to determine the subject of civil liability in ship collision, namely, the principle of self-responsibility, the principle of substitution for liability, the principle of management and control of ships. According to the above principles, the collision liability subject is analyzed and judged, and the criteria and principles for determining the collision liability of ship owners, bareboat Charterers and ship operators are defined.
Chapter three is the principle of liability fixation for civil liability in ship collision.Starting from the principle of liability fixation in general tort law, this chapter systematically analyzes and studies the meaning of liability fixation, the principle of liability fixation and the system of liability fixation.At the same time, combined with international conventions, the legislation of our country and other countries and regions outside the country, the liability fixation for ship collision has its own characteristics. The general and special infringement characteristics are analyzed, and the principle of liability for fault should be adopted in the civil liability of ship collision in China. The special principle of proportional negligence liability in ship collision is emphasized.
Chapter four is the scope of compensation for collision damage of ships.Starting from the analysis of the basic theory of compensation for collision damage of ships, this chapter explains the concept, legal characteristics, parties and compensation principles of compensation for collision damage of ships. In this paper, the scope of compensation and the calculation method of compensation for ship collision damage are expounded.
Chapter 5 is "Jurisdiction and Application of Law on Ship Collision". The first section of this chapter makes a detailed analysis and comment on the concept of jurisdiction over ship collision, the causes of positive conflicts of jurisdiction and the principles to be followed in resolving conflicts of jurisdiction. Starting with the practice of international law in China, this paper combs out the main problems in the application of law in the collision of ships involving foreign elements, and probes into the application of law in the collision of ships involving foreign elements in the high seas, the agreed jurisdiction and other special cases, and puts forward some opinions on how to deal with them.
Chapter 6 is "Suggestions on Improving China's Ship Collision Legislation". This chapter discusses the current situation of China's ship collision legislation and the necessity of amendment, and puts forward specific amendments to China's relevant legislation in terms of the definition of the concept of ship collision, the subject of liability for ship collision, the principle of liability fixation and the application of law.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.19;D922.294
本文编号：2227662
[Abstract]:Civil liability for ship collision damage has always been a hot issue in the maritime and maritime judicial circles. Although international organizations and countries have formulated a series of international conventions and laws and regulations for the settlement of civil liability for ship collision, various problems arising therefrom still puzzle the theoretical and practical circles. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the legal issues related to civil liability for collision.
The research on civil liability for ship collision in this paper is not all-inclusive, but based on the basic theory of tort law, with the relevant legislation and judicial practice as the core, starting from the realization of the purpose of civil damage compensation, focusing on the subject of liability involved in ship collision, the principle of imputation, damage compensation, judicial jurisdiction and legal application. To solve the legal problems, this paper makes a systematic and in-depth study on the topic of civil liability for ship collision, and puts forward some suggestions and suggestions for amending the current legislation of civil liability for ship collision, which provides some theoretical basis and reference for perfecting the legal system of civil liability for ship collision in China.
This article is divided into six chapters.
Chapter one is "an overview of civil liability for ship collision". This chapter mainly expounds the basic theories involved in the connotation and extension of the concept of ship collision, the constitutive requirements of ship collision, the concept and classification of civil liability for ship collision, etc. Through comparative analysis, it is concluded that the concept of "collision of ships" should be composed of connotation and extension. The connotation of "collision of ships" is the content stipulated in Article 1 of the 1910 Collision Convention and Article 165 of the Maritime Law of China. The extension is the content, connotation and extension of Article 13 of the 1910 Collision Convention and Article 170 of the Maritime Law of China. It constitutes a complete concept of ship collision.
The second chapter is "the subject of liability for damages in ship collision". According to the legislative practice of China in civil liability for ship collision and the successful legislative experience of Britain, Japan and other countries, three principles are proposed to determine the subject of civil liability in ship collision, namely, the principle of self-responsibility, the principle of substitution for liability, the principle of management and control of ships. According to the above principles, the collision liability subject is analyzed and judged, and the criteria and principles for determining the collision liability of ship owners, bareboat Charterers and ship operators are defined.
Chapter three is the principle of liability fixation for civil liability in ship collision.Starting from the principle of liability fixation in general tort law, this chapter systematically analyzes and studies the meaning of liability fixation, the principle of liability fixation and the system of liability fixation.At the same time, combined with international conventions, the legislation of our country and other countries and regions outside the country, the liability fixation for ship collision has its own characteristics. The general and special infringement characteristics are analyzed, and the principle of liability for fault should be adopted in the civil liability of ship collision in China. The special principle of proportional negligence liability in ship collision is emphasized.
Chapter four is the scope of compensation for collision damage of ships.Starting from the analysis of the basic theory of compensation for collision damage of ships, this chapter explains the concept, legal characteristics, parties and compensation principles of compensation for collision damage of ships. In this paper, the scope of compensation and the calculation method of compensation for ship collision damage are expounded.
Chapter 5 is "Jurisdiction and Application of Law on Ship Collision". The first section of this chapter makes a detailed analysis and comment on the concept of jurisdiction over ship collision, the causes of positive conflicts of jurisdiction and the principles to be followed in resolving conflicts of jurisdiction. Starting with the practice of international law in China, this paper combs out the main problems in the application of law in the collision of ships involving foreign elements, and probes into the application of law in the collision of ships involving foreign elements in the high seas, the agreed jurisdiction and other special cases, and puts forward some opinions on how to deal with them.
Chapter 6 is "Suggestions on Improving China's Ship Collision Legislation". This chapter discusses the current situation of China's ship collision legislation and the necessity of amendment, and puts forward specific amendments to China's relevant legislation in terms of the definition of the concept of ship collision, the subject of liability for ship collision, the principle of liability fixation and the application of law.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D996.19;D922.294
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