论船舶优先权及相关权利

发布时间：2018-10-12 16:44

【摘要】：船舶优先权虽然在各国的名称不尽相同,但它是各国海商法都有的制度,不论在实体上还是程序上,其均亦是是海商法中最具特色的制度之一。然在我国,海商法很晚才起草及至生效相对较晚,对船舶优先权的系统性研究还不是很多,实践中在对法律条文的理解上也多有偏差,故笔者希望从船舶优先权和相关权利的对比中更深入地对船舶优先权从多角度浅作探讨,并提出自己的若干观点或建议,同时希望能起到抛砖引玉的效果。笔者对论文的安排如下: 第一章主要探讨了船舶优先权的性质。因为只有认清了其性质,才可能就其与其他权利的关系作深入的研究。笔者首先介绍了当前的研究现状及各国船舶优先权的立法基础,之后从不同的角度论证了其担保物权的法律属性,进而阐述了其法律特征。第二章论述了其所担保的海事请求。首先是其特点,其次是对各请求项目逐个分析,并就若干海事请求提出了自己的观点,最后分析了行使海事请求权和行使船舶优先权之间的关系。第三章是船舶优先权和船舶抵押权的衡平,由于这方面的研究很多,故笔者拟从船舶抵押权人方面的自我保护角度进行探讨,即船舶抵押权人保险。第四章首先介绍了外国特别是英国法中的留置权的种类及其区别,之后分析了我国《民法通则》和《担保法》中关于留置权的规定,进而指出目前我国《海商法》规定的船舶留置权范围有一定的局限性,应扩展之。此外对在留置权行使过程中船舶被法院强制出售之情形,如何更好地保护留置权人的利益,笔者也从立法角度提出了相应的修改建议。在本章未节笔者还对船舶优先权和船舶留置权的顺序问题做了分析,指出船舶留置权人特别是修船人后于船舶优先权人受偿的不尽合情理之处,并认为修船人“合理的维修费用”应从拍卖价款中优先于船舶优先权受偿。第五章首先介绍了船舶优先权在外国特别是英美法下的实现方式,之后对船舶扣押进行了界定。最后对重复扣船和多次扣船进行了论述,并认为为行使船舶优先权应可以申请扣船,并应允许基于不同海事请求的多次扣船,此外,笔者还就多次扣船的具体程序给出了若干参考的立法案例。第六章首先对船舶优先权和海事赔偿责任限制作了比较,之后对海事赔偿责任
[Abstract]:Although the name of maritime lien varies from country to country, it is one of the most characteristic systems in maritime law, both in substance and procedure. However, in our country, the maritime law was drafted very late and came into effect relatively late. The systematic research on maritime liens is not much, and there are many deviations in the understanding of the legal provisions in practice. Therefore, the author hopes to discuss the maritime lien from many angles in depth from the comparison between maritime liens and related rights, and put forward some views or suggestions, and hope to have the effect of sparking the fire. The author's arrangement is as follows: the first chapter mainly discusses the nature of maritime lien. Only if we recognize its nature, can we make an in-depth study of its relationship with other rights. The author first introduces the current research situation and the legislative basis of maritime liens in various countries, and then demonstrates the legal attributes of the security interest from different angles, and then expounds its legal characteristics. The second chapter discusses the maritime claims guaranteed by it. First of all, it analyzes the characteristics of maritime claims, then analyzes each claim item by item, and puts forward its own views on some maritime claims. Finally, it analyzes the relationship between the exercise of maritime claims and maritime liens. The third chapter is the balance between maritime liens and ship mortgages. As there are many researches in this field, the author intends to discuss the self-protection of ship mortgagees, that is, ship mortgagee insurance. The fourth chapter firstly introduces the types and differences of lien in foreign countries, especially in English law, and then analyzes the provisions on lien in the General principles of Civil Law and the Law of Guaranty in China. It also points out that the scope of ship lien stipulated in Maritime Law of our country has some limitations and should be extended. In addition, the author also puts forward some suggestions on how to better protect the interests of lien holders in the case of the compulsory sale of ships by the court during the exercise of lien. In this chapter, the author also makes an analysis of the order of maritime liens and lien, and points out that it is not reasonable for the lien holders, especially the shipbuilders, to be compensated by the maritime liens. The reasonable maintenance cost should be given priority over the maritime lien from the auction price. Chapter five first introduces the realization of maritime lien in foreign countries, especially under Anglo-American law, and then defines the arrest of ships. Finally, repeated arrest and multiple arrest are discussed, and it is considered that in order to exercise maritime liens, it should be possible to apply for arrest and should allow multiple arrest on the basis of different maritime claims, in addition, The author also gives some reference legislative cases on the concrete procedure of multiple arrest. Chapter VI compares maritime liens with limitation of maritime liability, and then makes a comparison of maritime liability.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D922.294;D923

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